同时使用食物和水作为强化物的变时距程序中的动机。
Motivation in concurrent variable-interval schedules with food and water reinforcers.
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1974 Sep;22(2):323-31. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1974.22-323.
The lever pressing of four food- and water-deprived rats was reinforced on concurrent variable-interval schedules. Food reinforced one response, and water reinforced the other. Response rates in baseline were higher in the food component than in the water component. After response patterns and body weights had stabilized, the animals were given access to either food only, water only, both food and water, or neither food nor water (baseline) before daily sessions. Giving food before a session decreased per cent time in the food component, decreased overall response rates for food, and increased overall response rates for water. Giving water before a session increased per cent time in the food component, increased overall response rates for food, and decreased overall response rates for water. Giving both food and water before a session resulted in a combination of prefeeding and prewatering effects. More food and more water were consumed when both were available than when only one was available before a session.
四只处于食物和水剥夺状态的老鼠同时进行可变时距强化程序，按压杠杆获取食物，按压另一个杠杆获取水。在基线期，食物成分的反应率高于水成分。在反应模式和体重稳定后，动物在每日实验前可以选择仅获取食物、仅获取水、同时获取食物和水或不获取食物和水（基线）。在实验前给予食物会降低食物成分的时间百分比，降低食物的总反应率，并增加水的总反应率。在实验前给予水会增加食物成分的时间百分比，增加食物的总反应率，并降低水的总反应率。在实验前同时给予食物和水会产生预先喂食和预先饮水的综合效果。当两者都可获得时，比在实验前仅可获得一种时，动物会消耗更多的食物和水。
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