连锁回避计划：回避情境中的强化作用
Chained schedules of avoidance: Reinforcement within and by avoidance situations.
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1979 Nov;32(3):399-407. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1979.32-399.
Four rats were exposed to chained schedules with variable-cycle avoidance in both links. Responding in the initial link cancelled shocks scheduled once per minute and, according to a conjoint fixed-ratio schedule, produced a terminal link where scheduled shock rates varied from 0 to 8 shocks per minute in different conditions of the experiment. Response rates in the terminal link increased as a function of the scheduled shock rate. Response rates in the initial link, on the other hand, decreased as a function of the shock rate actually received (rather than scheduled) in the terminal link. While consistent with other studies of aversive control, these results differ from those obtained in chained schedules of positive reinforcement in that increases in reinforcement within the terminal link of the chain did not systematically increase the reinforcing value of that link.
四只老鼠接受了带有连锁回避的可变循环回避实验，在两个链接中都有回避。在初始链接中的反应取消了每分钟预定的一次电击，并且根据联合固定比率计划，产生了一个终端链接，其中预定的电击率在实验的不同条件下从每分钟 0 到 8 次电击变化。终端链接中的反应率随着预定的电击率的增加而增加。另一方面，初始链接中的反应率随着实际接收到的电击率（而不是预定的）而减少。虽然与其他厌恶控制的研究一致，但这些结果与在正强化的连锁计划中获得的结果不同，因为在连锁的终端链接中增加强化物并没有系统地增加该链接的强化价值。
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