VERHAVE T
J Exp Anal Behav. 1962 Oct;5(4):391-422. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1962.5-391.
Investigations are reported of some of the discriminative (cue) and reinforcing properties of stimuli (TO(av)) correlated with the discontinuation of a free-operant avoidance schedule. After several unsuccessful initial attempts to demonstrate the positively reinforcing effect of TO(av), a special technique was developed. The subjects were trained by means of a free-operant avoidance procedure to press a lever and postpone electric shock; by pressing a second lever, they could produce a cue correlated with the TO(av) period. The importance of a distinct cue correlated with TO(av) was demonstrated in experiments in which this signal was eliminated from the procedure. The reinforcing function of the TO(av) period was explored by showing its effectiveness under various schedules of reinforcement. Other observations were made concerning the course of extinction of both TO(av)-producing responses and avoidance behavior. In further experiments in which TO(av) was used as a reinforcer, the TO(av) behavior was also brought under separate stimulus control. The development of the various discriminations involved in the resulting performance were described.
本文报告了一些与自由操作回避程序终止相关的刺激（TO(av)）的辨别（线索）和强化特性的研究。在最初几次未能证明TO(av)具有正强化作用的尝试之后，开发了一种特殊技术。通过自由操作回避程序训练受试者按压杠杆以推迟电击；通过按压第二个杠杆，他们可以产生与TO(av)期相关的线索。在将该信号从程序中消除的实验中，证明了与TO(av)相关的独特线索的重要性。通过展示其在各种强化程序下的有效性，探索了TO(av)期的强化功能。还对产生TO(av)的反应和回避行为的消退过程进行了其他观察。在进一步将TO(av)用作强化物的实验中，TO(av)行为也受到了单独的刺激控制。描述了由此产生的表现中所涉及的各种辨别的发展情况。
