美沙酮维持治疗的效果：概述。

The effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment: an overview.

机构信息

National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.

出版信息

Drug Alcohol Rev. 1994;13(3):327-35. doi: 10.1080/09595239400185431.

Abstract

This paper reviews the evidence for the effectiveness of methadone maintenance as used in the treatment of opioid dependence. Findings from randomized controlled trials and observational studies suggest that methadone maintenance reduces heroin use, crime, injection-related risk behaviours and premature mortality among people dependent on opioids. The research further suggests that two aspects of treatment are important in ensuring this effectiveness. Methadone treatment is more effective when higher doses (>50 mg) are employed and, overall, the evidence suggests that a treatment goal of successful maintenance on methadone rather than total abstinence is appropriate. The importance of ancillary services in treatment outcome is less clear and is the subject of current research and debate.

摘要

本文综述了美沙酮维持治疗在治疗阿片类药物依赖方面的有效性证据。随机对照试验和观察性研究的结果表明，美沙酮维持治疗可减少海洛因使用、犯罪、与注射相关的危险行为和阿片类药物依赖者的过早死亡。研究进一步表明，治疗中的两个方面对于确保这种有效性很重要。当使用较高剂量（>50 毫克）时，美沙酮治疗更有效，而且总的来说，证据表明，成功维持美沙酮治疗而不是完全戒断的治疗目标是合适的。辅助服务在治疗结果中的重要性不太明确，这是当前研究和辩论的主题。