Boenigk K, Hamann H, Distl O
Institut für Tierzucht und Vererbungsforschung, Stiftung Tierarztliche Hochschule Hannover.
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2006 May;113(5):182-8.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the importance of genetic and environmental sources of variation for results of behaviour tests in young dogs being used for progeny evaluations in the Hovawart dog. In total, 4,113 dogs born in 1995 to 2000 have been available for these analyses. Traits used were appearance, hunting affinity, group of people, acoustical and optical influences and temperament. Variance components were estimated using multivariat linear animal models and Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML). The models included test-year-season, sex, litter size, age and inbreeding coefficient of the animal as fixed effects. Additive genetic effects of the animal, permanent environmental effect of the litter and the effect of the kennel were considered as random factors. The sex of the dog was significant for all traits. The age of the dog at the test significantly influenced the traits temperament and appearance. Test-year-season was significant for all traits except for appearance, whereas the inbreeding coefficient of the animal was significant for acoustical influences and temperament. Litter size did not influence any of the traits significantly. The estimated heritabilities of the behaviour traits analysed here ranged from h2 = 0.03 to h2 = 0.11 with standard errors of up to 0.03. The additive genetic correlations between most of the traits were moderately to highly positive (rg = 0.16 to rg = 0.91). The traits hunting affinity and appearance showed an additive genetic correlation close to zero (rg = 0.03). Negative additive genetic correlations were found between temperament and appearance as well as acoustical and optical influences (rg = -0.14 to rg = -0.4).
本研究的目的是评估基因和环境变异来源对用于霍瓦特犬后代评估的幼犬行为测试结果的重要性。总共4113只在1995年至2000年出生的犬可用于这些分析。所使用的性状包括外观、狩猎亲和力、人群类别、声光影响和性情。方差成分采用多变量线性动物模型和限制最大似然法（REML）进行估计。模型中包含测试年份季节、性别、窝仔数、年龄和动物的近亲繁殖系数作为固定效应。动物的加性遗传效应、窝的永久环境效应和犬舍效应被视为随机因素。犬的性别对所有性状均有显著影响。测试时犬的年龄对性情和外观性状有显著影响。测试年份季节对除外观外的所有性状均有显著影响，而动物的近亲繁殖系数对声学影响和性情有显著影响。窝仔数对任何性状均无显著影响。此处分析的行为性状的估计遗传力范围为h2 = 0.03至h2 = 0.11，标准误差高达0.03。大多数性状之间的加性遗传相关性为中度到高度正相关（rg = 0.16至rg = 0.91）。狩猎亲和力和外观性状的加性遗传相关性接近零（rg = 0.03）。在性情与外观以及声学和光学影响之间发现了负的加性遗传相关性（rg = -0.14至rg = -0.4）。
