Boenigk Katharina, Hamann Henning, Distl Ottmar
Institut fürTierzucht und Vererbungsforschung, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover.
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2006 May-Jun;119(5-6):258-69.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the importance of genetic and environmental sources of variation for results of behaviour tests recorded at juvenile and breeding performance tests in the Hovawart dog. For these analyses behaviour test results of 1882 (juvenile evaluation), respectively 929 dogs (breeding performance test) born in 1995 to 2000 had been used. Variance component estimation was performed for the traits appearance, play instinct, hunting affinity, group of people, shoot, acoustical and optical influences and temperament using multivariate linear animal models and Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML). The models included test-year-season, sex, litter size, age and inbreeding coefficient of the animal as fixed effects. Additive genetic effects of the animal, permanent environmental effect of the litter and the effect of the kennel were considered as random factors. The sex of the dog was significant for appearance, play instinct, hunting affinity, acoustical and optical influences of juvenile evaluation and for the traits temperament, play instinct, hunting affinity, acoustical and one of the optical influences of breeding performance test. The age of the dog at test significantly influenced the traits play instinct, hunting affinity and acoustical influences of juvenile evaluation and optical influences and hunting affinity of breeding performance test. All traits with exception of hunting affinity and group of people were significantly affected by the test-year-season. The inbreeding coefficient was significant for appearance of juvenile evaluation and play affinity of breeding performance test. The effect litter size did not influence any of the traits significantly. The estimated heritabilities for the behaviour traits of juvenile and breeding performance test ranged from h2 = 0.01 to h2 = 0.13, respectively h2 = 0.01 to h2 = 0.14, with standard errors of up to 0.03. The additive genetic correlations between most of the traits were moderately to highly positive (r(g) = 0.20 to r(g) = 1.0, respectively r(g) = 0.29 to r(g) = 1.0). Negative additive genetic correlations were only found for a few traits of juvenile (r(g) = -0.02 to r(g) = -0.58) and breeding performance test (r(g) = -0.28 to r(g) = -0.83). Progress in breeding for the behaviour traits investigated here may only be meaningful when information from all relatives is used in an animal model instead of selection based on the phenotype of the single animal.
本研究的目的是评估遗传和环境变异来源对霍瓦特犬幼年期行为测试结果及繁殖性能测试结果的重要性。对于这些分析，使用了1995年至2000年出生的1882只犬（幼年期评估）和929只犬（繁殖性能测试）的行为测试结果。使用多变量线性动物模型和残差最大似然法（REML）对外观、玩耍本能、狩猎亲和力、人群、射击、声光影响和性情等性状进行方差成分估计。模型中包括测试年份季节、性别、窝仔数、年龄和动物的近亲繁殖系数作为固定效应。动物的加性遗传效应、窝的永久环境效应和犬舍的效应被视为随机因素。犬的性别对幼年期评估的外观、玩耍本能、狩猎亲和力、声光影响以及繁殖性能测试的性情、玩耍本能、狩猎亲和力、声光影响中的一项有显著影响。测试时犬的年龄对幼年期评估的玩耍本能、狩猎亲和力、声光影响以及繁殖性能测试的光影响和狩猎亲和力有显著影响。除狩猎亲和力和人群外，所有性状均受测试年份季节的显著影响。近亲繁殖系数对幼年期评估的外观和繁殖性能测试的玩耍亲和力有显著影响。窝仔数对任何性状均无显著影响。幼年期和繁殖性能测试行为性状的估计遗传力分别为h2 = 0.01至h2 = 0.13以及h2 = 0.01至h2 = 0.14，标准误差高达0.03。大多数性状之间的加性遗传相关性为中度至高度正相关（r(g) = 0.20至r(g) = 1.0，繁殖性能测试中分别为r(g) = 0.29至r(g) = 1.0）。仅在少数幼年期性状（r(g) = -0.02至r(g) = -0.58）和繁殖性能测试性状（r(g) = -0.28至r(g) = -0.83）中发现负加性遗传相关性。对于此处研究的行为性状，只有当在动物模型中使用所有亲属的信息而非基于单个动物的表型进行选择时，育种进展才可能有意义。
