Hill Dagne D, Owens William E, Tchounwou Paul B
Department of Biological Sciences, Grambling State University, P.O. Box 887, Grambling, Louisiana, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2006 Mar;3(1):107-13. doi: 10.3390/ijerph2006030012.
Animal waste from dairy and poultry operations is an economical and commonly used fertilizer in the state of Louisiana. The application of animal waste to pasture lands not only is a source of fertilizer, but also allows for a convenient method of waste disposal. The disposal of animal wastes on land is a potential non-point source of water degradation. Human health is a major concern when considering the disposal of large quantities of animal waste. Health concerns could exist from exposure to pathogens and excess nitrogen associated with this form of pollution. The objective of this study was to collect and analyze health data related to Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacterial infections associated with the use of animal waste in Louisiana for the years 1996-2004. An analysis of adverse health effects associated with the use of animal waste in Louisiana was conducted based on the incidence/prevalence rate for the studied years. The number of reported cases increased during the summer months. Analysis of health data of the studied years showed that the number of reported disease cases of E. coli O157:H7 were highest among Caucasian infants in the 0-4 year old age category and in Caucasian children in the 5-9 year old age category. Although the number of cases declined with age, a slight increase in rates was seen among the elderly population. While the rate of reported cases per 100,000 people remained the same for the years of 1999 and 2000, the rate decreased by 60% from the year 2000 to 2001. A slight decline of the number of cases that was also reported for the years 2002 and 2003. The high rate of identification in the younger population may result from the prompt seeking of medical care when symptoms become evident among infants and young children as well as the frequent ordering of stool examination when symptoms become evident in this population group. It was also noted that areas that had a higher number of reported cases also had a greater number of physicians per 100,000 people within the parish. The association with increasing age could be attributed to declining health and weaker immune systems often found among the older population. It was concluded that although some of the studied parishes surveyed had large amounts of animal waste generated each year, statistics did not show a correlation with Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacterial infections.
来自奶牛场和家禽养殖场的动物粪便在路易斯安那州是一种经济且常用的肥料。将动物粪便施用于牧场，不仅是一种肥料来源，还提供了一种便利的废物处理方式。在土地上处置动物粪便可能是水体退化的一个潜在非点源污染。在考虑大量动物粪便的处置时，人类健康是一个主要关注点。健康问题可能源于接触与这种污染形式相关的病原体和过量氮。本研究的目的是收集和分析1996 - 2004年路易斯安那州与使用动物粪便相关的大肠杆菌O157:H7细菌感染的健康数据。基于所研究年份的发病率/患病率，对路易斯安那州使用动物粪便相关的不良健康影响进行了分析。报告病例数在夏季月份有所增加。对所研究年份的健康数据分析表明，报告的大肠杆菌O157:H7疾病病例数在0至4岁的白人婴儿和5至9岁的白人儿童中最高。虽然病例数随年龄下降，但老年人群中的发病率略有上升。1999年和2000年每10万人的报告病例率保持不变，但从2000年到2001年该率下降了60%。2002年和2003年报告的病例数也略有下降。年轻人群中高确诊率可能是因为婴儿和幼儿出现症状时会迅速就医，以及该人群出现症状时经常进行粪便检查。还注意到报告病例数较多的地区，教区每10万人中的医生数量也更多。与年龄增长的关联可能归因于老年人群中常见的健康状况下降和免疫系统较弱。研究得出结论，尽管一些被调查的教区每年产生大量动物粪便，但统计数据并未显示与大肠杆菌O157:H7细菌感染存在相关性。
