Thyer B A
School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
Behav Modif. 1991 Jul;15(3):310-25. doi: 10.1177/01454455910153003.
The criteria from the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) for anxiety disorders relevant to children and adolescents are reviewed. Empirically supported behavioral and pharmacological therapies specific to separation anxiety disorder, avoidant disorder, overanxious disorder, simple phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, and sleep terror disorder are discussed. Exposure-based treatments are indicated in most cases in which an anxiety-evoking stimulus can be clearly identified. With respect to the treatment of children and adolescents, pharmacotherapy remains understudied for most disorders. It appears that the behavioral therapies found useful in the treatment of adults with anxiety disorders can be successfully applied to the care of younger persons. Significant lacunae remain in the clinical research literature in these fields, offering many opportunities for both practitioners and scientists.
本文回顾了美国精神病学协会《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订本（DSM-III-R）中与儿童和青少年相关的焦虑症诊断标准。文中讨论了针对分离焦虑症、回避型障碍、过度焦虑症、单纯恐惧症、强迫症和夜惊症的经实证支持的行为疗法和药物疗法。在大多数能够明确识别引发焦虑刺激的情况下，建议采用基于暴露的治疗方法。对于儿童和青少年的治疗，大多数疾病的药物治疗仍未得到充分研究。看来，在成人焦虑症治疗中被证明有用的行为疗法可以成功应用于较年轻患者的护理。这些领域的临床研究文献中仍存在重大空白，为从业者和科学家提供了许多机会。
