Bernstein G A, Borchardt C M
Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1991 Jul;30(4):519-32. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199107000-00001.
The 1980s were a decade of advancement in the knowledge of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents; this sets the stage for research achievements in the 1990s. This review examines the anxiety disorders of childhood and adolescence (separation anxiety disorder, overanxious disorder, and avoidant disorder), including prevalence rates, demographic profiles, comparisons of clinical presentations in different developmental age groups, and comorbidity patterns. Fears and simple phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and panic disorder in children and adolescents are also evaluated. The controversy of whether panic attacks occur in prepubertal children is addressed. A brief review of behavioral and pharmacological treatment studies is included. Future directions for research are suggested.
20世纪80年代是儿童和青少年焦虑症知识取得进展的十年；这为20世纪90年代的研究成果奠定了基础。本综述考察儿童期和青少年期的焦虑症（分离焦虑症、过度焦虑症和回避型障碍），包括患病率、人口统计学特征、不同发育年龄组临床表现的比较以及共病模式。还对儿童和青少年的恐惧与单纯恐惧症、强迫症、创伤后应激障碍和惊恐障碍进行了评估。探讨了青春期前儿童是否会出现惊恐发作这一争议。文中还简要回顾了行为治疗和药物治疗研究。并提出了未来的研究方向。
