Mikkelsen B E, Beck A M, Lassen A
Department of Nutrition, Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Soeborg, Denmark.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jan;61(1):129-34. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602488. Epub 2006 Jul 12.
Since 1995, significant efforts by authorities and researchers have been directed towards addressing the nutritional problems in Danish hospitals and nursing homes.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the increased focus on nutritional problems in patients and nursing home residents has resulted in measurable progress.
A questionnaire-based study was carried out among foodservice managers in Danish hospitals (n=96) and nursing homes (n=898) in 1995 and 2002/3 (n=90) and (n=682), respectively. The study used compliance with selected issues in the official Danish recommendations for institutional food service as an indicator for progress. The issues included: using nutrient calculated recipes/menus, offering menu choice options, using feedback routines on acceptability of menus, maintaining nutritional steering committees, employing food and nutrition contact persons, employing official recommendations and offering choice between three different menu energy levels.
Hospitals had a higher compliance compared to nursing homes. In 1995, this was the case for all questions asked and differences were statistically significant. Also in 2002/3, hospitals had a higher compliance, except in the case of established feedback routines. Differences were statistically significant. The results indicate that nutritional care is higher on the agenda in hospital, than in nursing homes. However, very little progress can be seen in compliance when results are analysed over the 8-year period. The only progress for nursing homes was that more homes had implemented feedback routines on acceptability of food service in 2002/3 than in 1995. The difference was statistically significant. For hospitals, however, no progress was found between 1995 and 2002/3.
The attempts to improve the nutritional status of hospital patients and nursing home residents seem to have failed. Still, the initiatives taken to improve the situation seem relevant. Especially the nursing homes might benefit from advantage of these experiences.
自1995年以来，当局和研究人员为解决丹麦医院和养老院的营养问题付出了巨大努力。
本研究旨在调查对患者和养老院居民营养问题关注度的提高是否带来了可衡量的进展。
分别于1995年和2002/3年对丹麦医院（n = 96）和养老院（n = 898）的餐饮服务经理进行了问卷调查，2002/3年的调查对象为90名医院餐饮服务经理和682名养老院餐饮服务经理。该研究将是否符合丹麦官方针对机构餐饮服务的特定问题建议作为进展指标。这些问题包括：使用营养计算食谱/菜单、提供菜单选择、就菜单可接受性采用反馈程序、维持营养指导委员会、聘请食品与营养联络人、遵循官方建议以及在三种不同菜单能量水平之间提供选择。
与养老院相比，医院的合规率更高。1995年，所有问题均是如此，且差异具有统计学意义。2002/3年亦是如此，医院的合规率更高，但已建立反馈程序的情况除外。差异具有统计学意义。结果表明，医院比养老院更重视营养护理。然而，在分析这8年期间的结果时，合规方面几乎没有进展。养老院唯一的进展是，2002/3年实施食品服务可接受性反馈程序的养老院比1995年更多。差异具有统计学意义。然而，对于医院而言，1995年至2002/3年期间未发现进展。
改善医院患者和养老院居民营养状况的尝试似乎失败了。不过，为改善这种状况所采取的举措似乎是有意义的。尤其是养老院可能会从这些经验中受益。
