Jackson Natalie, Coney Jeffrey
School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2007 May;125(1):1-19. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.05.003. Epub 2006 Jul 14.
Models of numerical processing vary on whether they assume common or separate processing pathways for problems represented in different surface forms. The present study employed a priming procedure, with target naming task, in an investigation of surface form effects in simple addition and multiplication operations. Participants were presented with Arabic digit and number word problems in one of three prime-target relationships, including congruent (e.g., '2+3' and '5'), incongruent (e.g., '9+7' and '5') and neutral (e.g., 'X+Y' and '5') conditions. The results revealed significant facilitatory effects in response to congruent digit stimuli at SOAs of 300 and 1000ms, in both operations. In contrast, inhibitory effects were observed in response to incongruent word stimuli in both the addition and multiplication operations at 300ms, and in the addition operation at 1000ms. The overall priming effects observed in the digit condition were significantly greater than in the word condition at 1000ms in the multiplication operation and at 300ms in the addition operation. The results provide support to separate pathway accounts of simple arithmetic processing for problems represented in different surface forms. An explanation for variation in processing due to differences in access to visual and phonological representations is provided.
数字处理模型在对于以不同表面形式呈现的问题是假设通用还是单独的处理路径上存在差异。本研究采用了一种启动程序，并结合目标命名任务，来调查简单加法和乘法运算中的表面形式效应。向参与者呈现阿拉伯数字和数字单词问题，它们处于三种启动-目标关系之一，包括一致（例如，“2 + 3”和“5”）、不一致（例如，“9 + 7”和“5”）和中性（例如，“X + Y”和“5”）条件。结果显示，在这两种运算中，对于300毫秒和1000毫秒的刺激呈现间隔（SOA），对一致的数字刺激有显著的促进作用。相比之下，在300毫秒时，加法和乘法运算中对不一致的单词刺激均观察到抑制作用，在1000毫秒时加法运算中也观察到抑制作用。在乘法运算中1000毫秒以及加法运算中300毫秒时，数字条件下观察到的总体启动效应显著大于单词条件下的启动效应。研究结果为不同表面形式呈现的简单算术处理的单独路径解释提供了支持。同时还提供了一个关于因视觉和语音表征获取差异导致处理变化的解释。
