O'Donoghue R T, Gill L W, McKevitt R J, Broderick B
Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ireland.
Environ Int. 2007 Jan;33(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2006.05.005. Epub 2006 Jul 14.
In Ireland, several studies have monitored the air pollution due to traffic in both urban and rural environments. However, few studies have attempted to quantify the relative exposure to traffic derived HC pollutants between different modes of commuter transport. In this study, the difference in pollution exposure between bus and cycling commuters on a route in Dublin was compared by sampling for five vehicle related hydrocarbons: benzene, 1,3-butadiene, acetylene, ethane and ethylene. Samples were collected during both morning and afternoon rush hour periods using a fixed speed pump to gain representative concentrations across the whole journey. Journey times were also measured, as were typical breathing rates in order to calculate the overall dose of pollutant inhaled on the journey. Results clearly picked up significantly higher pollutant concentrations in the bus compared to cycling and also revealed elevated concentrations on the congested side of the road compared to the side moving against the traffic. However, when respiration rates and travel times were taken into account to reveal the mass of pollutants inhaled over the course of a journey, the pattern was reversed, showing slightly enhanced levels of hydrocarbons for the cyclist compared to the bus passenger. In addition, the concentrations of these compounds (excluding ethane), were ascertained at playing pitches in the vicinity of a heavily trafficked suburban motorway and in Dublin city centre. Although the concentrations were relatively low at all sites, when breathing rates were taken into consideration, the average inhaled weights of pollutants were, on occasion, higher than those average values observed for both bus and bicycle commuters.
在爱尔兰，多项研究监测了城市和农村环境中交通造成的空气污染。然而，很少有研究试图量化不同通勤交通方式之间源自交通的碳氢化合物污染物的相对暴露量。在本研究中，通过对五种与车辆相关的碳氢化合物（苯、1,3 - 丁二烯、乙炔、乙烷和乙烯）进行采样，比较了都柏林一条路线上公交通勤者和骑行通勤者之间的污染暴露差异。在早高峰和晚高峰时段使用固定速度泵进行采样，以获取整个行程的代表性浓度。还测量了行程时间以及典型呼吸速率，以便计算行程中吸入的污染物总量。结果清楚地显示，与骑行相比，公交中的污染物浓度显著更高，并且还表明，与逆着交通行驶的一侧相比，道路拥堵一侧的浓度更高。然而，当考虑呼吸速率和行程时间以揭示行程中吸入的污染物质量时，情况则相反，显示骑行者吸入的碳氢化合物水平比公交乘客略高。此外，在一条交通繁忙的郊区高速公路附近和都柏林市中心的运动场地测定了这些化合物（不包括乙烷）的浓度。尽管所有地点的浓度相对较低，但考虑呼吸速率时，污染物的平均吸入量有时高于公交和自行车通勤者观察到的平均值。
