Zeba Augustin N, Martin Prével Yves, Somé Issa T, Delisle Hélène F
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C,P, 6128 succ, Centre-ville, Montréal Qc, H3C 3J7, Canada.
Nutr J. 2006 Jul 17;5:17. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-5-17.
Vitamin A (VA) deficiency is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and school-age children are a vulnerable group. In Burkina Faso, the production and consumption of red palm oil (RPO) is being promoted as a food supplement for VA. The objective of the study was to assess the impact on serum retinol of adding RPO to school lunch in two test zones of Burkina Faso.
Over one school year, 15 ml RPO was added to individual meals 3 times a week in selected primary schools in two sites. Serum retinol was measured with HPLC at baseline and exactly 12 months later to take account of seasonality. A simple pre-post test design was used in the Kaya area (north-central Burkina), where 239 pupils from 15 intervention schools were randomly selected for the evaluation. In Bogandé (eastern Burkina), 24 schools were randomised for the controlled intervention trial: 8 negative controls (G1) with only the regular school lunch; 8 positive controls (G2) where the pupils received a single VA capsule (60 mg) at the end of the school year; and 8 schools with RPO through the school year (G3). A random sample of 128 pupils in each school group took part in the evaluation.
In Kaya, serum retinol went from 0.77 +/- 0.37 micromol/L at baseline to 1.07 +/- 0.40 micromol/L one year later (p < 0.001). The rate of low serum retinol (< 0.7 micromol/L) declined from 47.2% to 13.1%. In Bogandé, serum retinol increased significantly (p < 0.001) only in the capsule and RPO groups, going from 0.77 +/- 0.28 to 0.98 +/- 0.33 micromol/L in the former, and from 0.82 +/- 0.3 to 0.98 +/- 0.33 micromol/L in the latter. The rate of low serum retinol went from 46.1 to 17.1% in the VA capsule group and from 40.4% to 14.9% in the RPO group. VA-deficient children benefited the most from the capsule or RPO. Female sex, age and height-for-age were positively associated with the response to VA capsules or RPO.
RPO given regularly in small amounts appears highly effective in the reduction of VA deficiency. RPO deserves more attention as a food supplement for VA and as a potential source of rural income in Sahelian countries.
维生素A（VA）缺乏在撒哈拉以南非洲地区普遍存在，学龄儿童是弱势群体。在布基纳法索，红棕榈油（RPO）的生产和消费作为VA的食物补充剂正在得到推广。本研究的目的是评估在布基纳法索两个试验区的学校午餐中添加RPO对血清视黄醇的影响。
在一学年期间，在两个地点的选定小学中，每周3次在个人餐食中添加15毫升RPO。为了考虑季节性因素，在基线时以及正好12个月后用高效液相色谱法测量血清视黄醇。在卡亚地区（布基纳法索中北部）采用简单的前后测试设计，从15所干预学校中随机选择239名学生进行评估。在博甘代（布基纳法索东部），24所学校被随机分配到对照干预试验中：8所阴性对照学校（G1组），仅提供常规学校午餐；8所阳性对照学校（G2组），学生在学年末接受一粒VA胶囊（60毫克）；8所学校在整个学年提供RPO（G3组）。每个学校组随机抽取128名学生参与评估。
在卡亚地区，血清视黄醇从基线时的0.77±0.37微摩尔/升升至一年后的1.07±0.40微摩尔/升（p<0.001）。低血清视黄醇水平（<0.7微摩尔/升）的比例从47.2%降至13.1%。在博甘代，仅在胶囊组和RPO组血清视黄醇显著升高（p<0.001），前者从0.77±0.28微摩尔/升升至0.98±0.33微摩尔/升，后者从0.82±0.3微摩尔/升升至0.98±0.33微摩尔/升。VA胶囊组低血清视黄醇水平的比例从46.1%降至17.1%，RPO组从40.4%降至14.9%。VA缺乏儿童从胶囊或RPO中受益最大。女性、年龄和年龄别身高与对VA胶囊或RPO的反应呈正相关。
定期少量给予RPO似乎在减少VA缺乏方面非常有效。RPO作为VA的食物补充剂以及萨赫勒国家农村收入的潜在来源值得更多关注。
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