Stenning Keith, Cox Richard
Edinburgh University, Scotland, UK.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2006 Aug;59(8):1454-83. doi: 10.1080/17470210500198759.
Computational theories of mind assume that participants interpret information and then reason from those interpretations. Research on interpretation in deductive reasoning has claimed to show that subjects' interpretation of single syllogistic premises in an "immediate inference" task is radically different from their interpretation of pairs of the same premises in syllogistic reasoning tasks (Newstead, 1989, 1995; Roberts, Newstead, & Griggs, 2001). Narrow appeal to particular Gricean implicatures in this work fails to bridge the gap. Grice's theory taken as a broad framework for credulous discourse processing in which participants construct speakers' "intended models" of discourses can reconcile these results, purchasing continuity of interpretation through variety of logical treatments. We present exploratory experimental data on immediate inference and subsequent syllogistic reasoning. Systematic patterns of interpretation driven by two factors (whether the subject's model of the discourse is credulous, and their degree of reliance on information packaging) are shown to transcend particular quantifier inferences and to drive systematic differences in subjects' subsequent syllogistic reasoning. We conclude that most participants do not understand deductive tasks as experimenters intend, and just as there is no single logical model of reasoning, so there is no reason to expect a single "fundamental human reasoning mechanism".
心智的计算理论假定，参与者会对信息进行解读，然后基于这些解读进行推理。关于演绎推理中解读的研究声称，在“直接推理”任务中，受试者对单个三段论前提的解读与他们在三段论推理任务中对相同前提对的解读截然不同（纽斯特德，1989年，1995年；罗伯茨、纽斯特德和格里格斯，2001年）。这项工作中对特定格赖斯含义的狭隘诉求未能弥合这一差距。将格赖斯理论视为一个用于轻信话语处理的宽泛框架，在这个框架中参与者构建说话者话语的“预期模型”，可以调和这些结果，通过各种逻辑处理实现解读的连续性。我们展示了关于直接推理及后续三段论推理的探索性实验数据。由两个因素（受试者对话语的模型是否轻信，以及他们对信息包装的依赖程度）驱动的系统性解读模式，被证明超越了特定量词推理，并导致受试者后续三段论推理出现系统性差异。我们得出结论，大多数参与者并非如实验者所期望的那样理解演绎任务，而且正如不存在单一的推理逻辑模型一样，也没有理由期待单一的“基本人类推理机制”。
