Proff Peter, Bayerlein Thomas, Fanghänel Jochen, Allegrini Sergio, Gedrange Tomas
Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie, Präventive Zahnmedizin und Kinderzahnheilkunde, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Rotgerberstrasse 8, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
Ann Anat. 2006 Jul;188(4):353-61. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2006.02.003.
Tooth eruption is a complex biological process which starts from the site of development in the jaw bone until the teeth reach their final functional position in the chewing plane. Various factors can disturb this process. Besides mechanical obstacles on the eruption path, a pathological position or axial orientation of the tooth germ, morphological aberrations of the tooth or pathological alterations of the periodontium, primary disorders of the eruption mechanism may lead to complete or partial retention of the tooth in the jaw bone. These morphological features bear upon the prognosis of orthodontic correction which is dependent upon the underlying cause. First and second molars are rarely affected by eruption disorders, with a prevalence of 0.01 to 0.08 per cent, however, marked consequences for function such as posterior open bite or elongation of the antagonists may result. Following an overview of pathogenetic factors of tooth eruption disorders, selected cases of impacted first and second permanent molars are presented with respect to their morphological causes.
牙齿萌出是一个复杂的生物学过程，始于颌骨中的发育部位，直至牙齿到达咀嚼平面的最终功能位置。多种因素可干扰这一过程。除了萌出路径上的机械障碍、牙胚的病理位置或轴向、牙齿的形态异常或牙周组织的病理改变外，萌出机制的原发性障碍可能导致牙齿在颌骨中完全或部分滞留。这些形态特征关系到正畸矫治的预后，而预后取决于潜在病因。第一和第二磨牙很少受萌出障碍影响，患病率为0.01%至0.08%，然而，可能会导致诸如后牙开合或对颌牙伸长等明显的功能后果。在概述牙齿萌出障碍的致病因素后，针对第一和第二恒磨牙阻生的选定病例，介绍其形态学原因。
