Demoralization and attitudes toward residents among certified nurse assistants in relation to job stressors and work resources: cultural diversity in long term care.

Certified Nurse Assistants (CNAs) (n=104) caring for a probability sample of residents in 22 New York State nursing homes were interviewed, longitudinally, regarding work demands and stressors, support and training, and job-stress outcomes. Twenty-seven percent of CNAs reported pejorative name-calling by their residents. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that (a) increase in perceived pressure to complete tasks, (b) assignment size, and (c) attendance at support groups were associated with CNAs' demoralization at follow-up. A decrease in perceived racism and increased in-services about confused residents contributed to more positive attitudes toward residents. Examination of the quality of long-term care should include consideration of cultural diversity.