Sällsten Gerd, Gustafson Pernilla, Johansson Linda, Johannesson Sandra, Molnár Peter, Strandberg Bo, Tullin Claes, Barregard Lars
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
Inhal Toxicol. 2006 Oct;18(11):855-64. doi: 10.1080/08958370600822391.
Experimental studies are used to evaluate effects of human exposure to diesel exhaust and concentrated ambient particles. This article describes a system for studying exposure of humans to wood smoke. Wood smoke was generated using a wood stove placed outside an exposure chamber that can hold at least 10 subjects. A partial flow of the generated wood smoke from the stove was mixed with filtered indoor air. Personal and stationary measurements were performed of PM2.5 and PM1 mass concentrations and various volatile organic compounds (VOCs): 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and aldehydes. In addition, particulate matter (PM) mass, number concentrations, and size distributions of particles (0.007-6.7 microm), as well as nitrous oxides, CO2, and CO, were measured online. Filters were analyzed for trace elements and black smoke. Polycyclic aromatic compounds, toluene, and xylenes were determined in stationary samples. Results of the first experiment showed no differences between personal and stationary measurements for particles or VOCs. Consequently, stationary measurements can be used to predict personal exposure. All PM mass (about 250 microg/m3) was in the PM1 fraction. Subjective symptoms were generally weak, while clear objective signs were found, for example, in biomarkers of inflammation. With careful control of the combustion process, relatively constant mass and number concentrations were obtained over each exposure session. By varying the combustion and dilution of the wood smoke, different exposure scenarios can be achieved and thus, knowledge about which of the properties of particles and gaseous compounds are crucial for the effects.
实验研究用于评估人类接触柴油废气和浓缩环境颗粒物的影响。本文描述了一种用于研究人类接触木烟的系统。木烟是通过放置在一个可容纳至少10名受试者的暴露舱外的木炉产生的。从木炉产生的部分木烟流与经过过滤的室内空气混合。对细颗粒物（PM2.5）和可吸入颗粒物（PM1）的质量浓度以及各种挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）：1,3 - 丁二烯、苯和醛类进行了个人和固定测量。此外，还在线测量了颗粒物（PM）的质量、数量浓度以及颗粒（0.007 - 6.7微米）的尺寸分布，以及氮氧化物、二氧化碳和一氧化碳。对过滤器进行了微量元素和黑烟分析。在固定样本中测定了多环芳烃、甲苯和二甲苯。首次实验结果表明，在颗粒物或挥发性有机化合物的个人测量和固定测量之间没有差异。因此，固定测量可用于预测个人暴露情况。所有的PM质量（约250微克/立方米）都在PM1部分。主观症状通常较轻，而在客观体征方面，例如炎症生物标志物方面，发现了明显的迹象。通过仔细控制燃烧过程，在每次暴露期间可获得相对恒定的质量和数量浓度。通过改变木烟的燃烧和稀释程度，可以实现不同的暴露场景，从而了解颗粒和气态化合物的哪些特性对这些影响至关重要。
