Aberrant expression of beta-catenin, Pin1 and cylin D1 in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma: relation to tumor proliferation and metastasis.

The aims of this study were to investigate the expression levels of beta-catenin, Pin1 and cyclin D1 in salivary adenoid cystic carcinomas (SACC ) and to evaluate its clinical importance, furthermore, to elucidate whether beta-catenin expression was aberrant in SACC and whether Pin1 was involved in aberrant beta-catenin and cyclin D1 expression. The expression of Pin1, beta-catenin and cyclin D1 were examined in the specimens of 65 patients with SACC by immunohistochemistry, protein and mRNA expressions were detected by western blotting and RT-PCR in four SACC cell lines. Pin1 was overexpressed in 51 cases of SACC (78%), and high levels of Pin1 expression correlated with cyclin D1 positive expression (p = 0.02). Fourteen (22%) cases showed positive immunoreactivity for beta-catenin protein in the nuclear/cytoplasmic fraction in tumor tissues, which was defined as cytoplasm/nucleus staining, among which quite evident nuclear expression of beta-catenin was detected in six cases (9%), while cyclin D1 positive expression was detected in 41 cases of SACC (63%). Reduced membranous expression of beta-catenin was detected in the cases with metastasis (11/14). Theses results suggest that Pin1 and Wnt signalling pathway are activated in SACC and may play a pivotal role in SACC carcinogenesis and metastasis.