Levin M H, Verkman A S
Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0521, USA.
J Membr Biol. 2006 Mar;210(2):105-15. doi: 10.1007/s00232-005-0849-1. Epub 2006 Jul 25.
Aquaporins (AQPs) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) provide the molecular routes for transport of water and chloride, respectively, through many epithelial tissues. In ocular epithelia, fluid transport generally involves secondary active chloride transport, which creates the osmotic gradient to drive transepithelial water transport. This review is focused on the role of AQPs and CFTR in water and ion transport across corneal/conjunctival epithelia, corneal endothelium, ciliary epithelium, and retinal pigment epithelium. The potential relevance of water and chloride transport to common disorders of ocular fluid balance is also considered. Recent data suggest AQPs and CFTR as attractive targets for drug development for therapy of keratoconjunctivitis sicca, recurrent corneal erosions, corneal edema, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and retinal ischemia.
水通道蛋白（AQPs）和囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节因子（CFTR）分别为水和氯离子通过许多上皮组织提供了分子运输途径。在眼上皮中，液体运输通常涉及继发性主动氯离子运输，它产生渗透梯度以驱动跨上皮水运输。本综述聚焦于水通道蛋白和CFTR在跨角膜/结膜上皮、角膜内皮、睫状体上皮和视网膜色素上皮的水和离子运输中的作用。还考虑了水和氯离子运输与常见眼内液体平衡紊乱的潜在相关性。最近的数据表明，水通道蛋白和CFTR是用于治疗干眼症、复发性角膜糜烂、角膜水肿、青光眼、视网膜脱离和视网膜缺血的药物开发的有吸引力的靶点。
