Baken Kirsten A, Ezendam Janine, Gremmer Eric R, de Klerk Arja, Pennings Jeroen L A, Matthee Bianca, Peijnenburg Ad A C M, van Loveren Henk
Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology (GRAT), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2006 Oct 15;112(1):8-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.06.009. Epub 2006 Jul 26.
Lactic acid bacteria are claimed to have immunomodulating effects. Stimulation as well as suppression of T helper (Th)1 mediated immune responses, have been described for various strains. Experiments involving Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) detected mainly enhancement of innate immune responses and promotion of Th1 mediated immune reactivity. To confirm and further investigate modulation of Th1 responses and development of autoimmune disease by LcS, the consequences of oral administration of LcS were assessed in several experiments. The effect of LcS varied between the different models. No modulation was found in the mitogen-induced cell proliferation and cytokine release assays in mesenteric lymph nodes of Wistar rats. LcS inhibited the Th1 mediated immune response in an adapted murine Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) in BALB/c mice, whereas experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats was aggravated. These varying effects on Th1 responses indicate that beneficial as well as harmful effects on immune related disorders could occur after LcS consumption. Since microarray analysis is suggested to be more sensitive and predictive than functional tests, gene expression profiling was included as an alternative endpoint in the testing of immunomodulation. The detected gene expression profiles did not reflect the effects of LcS on the immune system. Microarray analysis may therefore have no more predictive value than immune function assays when investigating immunomodulation by probiotics. To gain further insight into effects of probiotics on immune function, experiments including cytokine assays and gene expression analysis combined with disease models could be useful.
乳酸菌被认为具有免疫调节作用。对于多种菌株，已描述了其对辅助性T细胞（Th）1介导的免疫反应的刺激以及抑制作用。涉及干酪乳杆菌代田株（LcS）的实验主要检测到先天免疫反应的增强以及Th1介导的免疫反应性的促进。为了证实并进一步研究LcS对Th1反应的调节作用以及自身免疫性疾病的发展，在多个实验中评估了口服LcS的后果。LcS的作用在不同模型之间有所不同。在Wistar大鼠肠系膜淋巴结的丝裂原诱导的细胞增殖和细胞因子释放试验中未发现调节作用。在BALB/c小鼠的适应性小鼠局部淋巴结试验（LLNA）中，LcS抑制了Th1介导的免疫反应，而Lewis大鼠的实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）则加重了。这些对Th1反应的不同影响表明，食用LcS后可能对免疫相关疾病产生有益和有害影响。由于微阵列分析被认为比功能测试更敏感且更具预测性，因此在免疫调节测试中纳入基因表达谱分析作为替代终点。检测到的基因表达谱并未反映LcS对免疫系统的影响。因此，在研究益生菌的免疫调节作用时，微阵列分析可能并不比免疫功能测定具有更多的预测价值。为了进一步深入了解益生菌对免疫功能的影响，包括细胞因子测定和基因表达分析并结合疾病模型的实验可能会有所帮助。
