Fraser Justin F, Stieg Philip E
Department of Neurological Surgery, Cornell University-Weill Medical College New York, Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
Neurosurgery. 2006 Aug;59(2):222-9; discussion 222-9. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000223440.35642.6E.
Hyponatremia is an important and common electrolyte disorder in critically ill neurosurgical patients that has been reported in association with a number of different primary diagnoses. The correct diagnosis of the pathophysiological cause is vital because it dramatically alters the treatment approach.
We review the epidemiology and presentation of patients with hyponatremia, the pathophysiology of the disorder with respect to sodium and fluid balance, and the diagnostic procedures for determining the correct cause.
We then present the various treatment options, including discussion of one of the newest groups of agents, the arginine vasopressin receptor antagonists, currently under study for the treatment of hyponatremia in neurosurgical patients.
Hyponatremia is a serious comorbidity in neurosurgical patients that requires particular attention as its treatment varies by cause and its consequences can affect neurological outcome.
低钠血症是重症神经外科患者中一种重要且常见的电解质紊乱，已报道其与多种不同的原发性诊断相关。正确诊断病理生理原因至关重要，因为这会显著改变治疗方法。
我们回顾了低钠血症患者的流行病学和临床表现、该疾病在钠和液体平衡方面的病理生理学，以及确定正确病因的诊断程序。
然后我们介绍了各种治疗选择，包括讨论目前正在研究用于治疗神经外科患者低钠血症的最新一类药物——精氨酸加压素受体拮抗剂。
低钠血症是神经外科患者的一种严重合并症，由于其治疗因病因不同而异，且其后果会影响神经学转归，因此需要特别关注。
