Bataille Dominique, Fontés Ghislaine, Costes Safia, Longuet Christine, Dalle Stéphane
INSERM U 376, CHU Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Jul;1070:161-6. doi: 10.1196/annals.1317.005.
Miniglucagon (glucagon 19-29) is the ultimate processing product of proglucagon, present in the glucagon-secreting granules of the alpha cells, at a close vicinity of the insulin-secreting beta cells. Co-released with glucagon and thanks to its original mode of action and its huge potency, it suppresses, inside the islet of Langerhans, the detrimental effect of glucagon on insulin secretion, while it leaves untouched the beneficial effect of glucagon on glucose competence of the beta cell. At the periphery, miniglucagon is processed at the surface of glucagon- and insulin-sensitive cells from circulating glucagon. At that level, it acts via a cellular pathway which uses initial molecular steps distinct from that of insulin which, when impaired, are involved in insulin resistence. This bypass allows miniglucagon to act as an insulin-like component, a characteristic which makes this peptide of particular interest from a pathophysiological and pharmacological point of views in understanding and treating metabolic diseases, such as the type 2 diabetes.
小胰高血糖素（胰高血糖素19 - 29）是胰高血糖素原的最终加工产物，存在于α细胞分泌胰高血糖素的颗粒中，紧邻分泌胰岛素的β细胞。它与胰高血糖素共同释放，由于其独特的作用方式和强大的效力，在胰岛内可抑制胰高血糖素对胰岛素分泌的有害作用，同时不影响胰高血糖素对β细胞葡萄糖代谢能力的有益作用。在周围组织，循环中的胰高血糖素在对胰高血糖素和胰岛素敏感的细胞表面加工形成小胰高血糖素。在此水平，它通过一条细胞途径发挥作用，该途径使用的初始分子步骤与胰岛素不同，而胰岛素途径受损时会导致胰岛素抵抗。这种旁路使小胰高血糖素能够作为一种类似胰岛素的成分发挥作用，从病理生理学和药理学角度来看，这一特性使得该肽在理解和治疗代谢性疾病（如2型糖尿病）方面具有特别的意义。
