Huang Boji, Dawson Deborah A, Stinson Frederick S, Hasin Deborah S, Ruan W June, Saha Tulshi D, Smith Sharon M, Goldstein Risë B, Grant Bridget F
Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-9304, USA.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Jul;67(7):1062-73. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v67n0708.
To present national data on the prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity of nonmedical prescription drug use and drug use disorders for sedatives, tranquilizers, opioids, and amphetamines.
Data were derived from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a face-to-face nationally representative survey of 43,093 adults conducted during 2001 and 2002.
Lifetime prevalences of nonmedical use of sedatives, tranquilizers, opioids, and amphetamines were 4.1%, 3.4%, 4.7%, and 4.7%, respectively. Corresponding rates of abuse and/or dependence on these substances were 1.1%, 1.0%, 1.4%, and 2.0%. The odds of nonmedical prescription drug use and drug use disorders were generally greater among men, Native Americans, young and middle-aged, those who were widowed/ separated/divorced or never married, and those residing in the West. Abuse/dependence liability was greatest for amphetamines, and nonmedical prescription drug use disorders were highly comorbid with other Axis I and II disorders. The majority of individuals with non-medical prescription drug use disorders never received treatment.
Nonmedical prescription drug use and disorders are pervasive in the U.S. population and highly comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. Native Americans had significantly greater rates of nonmedical prescription drug use and drug use disorders, highlighting the need for culturally-sensitive prevention and intervention programs. Unprecedented comorbidity between nonmedical prescription drug use disorders and between nonmedical prescription drug use disorders and illicit drug use disorders suggests that the typical individual abusing or dependent on these drugs obtained them illegally, rather than through a physician. Amphetamines had the greatest abuse/dependence liability, and recent increases in the potency of illegally manufactured amphetamines may portend an epidemic in the youngest NESARC cohort.
呈现关于镇静剂、安定剂、阿片类药物和安非他明非医疗性处方药使用及药物使用障碍的患病率、相关因素和共病情况的全国性数据。
数据来源于全国酒精及相关状况流行病学调查（NESARC），这是一项在2001年至2002年期间对43,093名成年人进行的具有全国代表性的面对面调查。
镇静剂、安定剂、阿片类药物和安非他明非医疗性使用的终生患病率分别为4.1%、3.4%、4.7%和4.7%。对这些物质的滥用和/或依赖的相应发生率分别为1.1%、1.0%、1.4%和2.0%。非医疗性处方药使用和药物使用障碍的几率在男性、美洲原住民、中青年、丧偶/分居/离婚或从未结婚者以及居住在西部的人群中通常更高。安非他明的滥用/依赖可能性最大，非医疗性处方药使用障碍与其他轴I和轴II障碍高度共病。大多数患有非医疗性处方药使用障碍的人从未接受过治疗。
非医疗性处方药使用和障碍在美国人群中普遍存在，且与其他精神障碍高度共病。美洲原住民的非医疗性处方药使用和药物使用障碍发生率显著更高，这凸显了开展具有文化敏感性的预防和干预项目的必要性。非医疗性处方药使用障碍之间以及非医疗性处方药使用障碍与非法药物使用障碍之间前所未有的共病情况表明，滥用或依赖这些药物的典型个体是非法获取药物，而非通过医生获取。安非他明的滥用/依赖可能性最大，非法制造的安非他明效力最近的增加可能预示着NESARC最年轻队列中会出现流行情况。
