McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021 Oct 1;227:108978. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108978. Epub 2021 Aug 27.
Gender differences in the prevalence of opioid misuse continue to evolve and have not been well characterized in recent years. Our objective was to investigate gender differences in the prevalence of opioid misuse and use disorder in the US over the 5-year period from 2015 to 2019.
We used annual survey data from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to estimate gender differences in the prevalence of opioid misuse. We examined past-year opioid analgesic misuse initiation, opioid analgesic misuse, heroin use, opioid analgesic use disorder and heroin use disorder. Logistic regression models were used to test gender differences, adjusting for sociodemographic variables.
In adjusted analyses, women had higher odds of having initiated opioid analgesic misuse in the past year compared to men. In contrast, men had higher odds of misuse of opioid analgesics, heroin use, and an opioid analgesic or heroin use disorder.
Although opioid misuse has historically been more prevalent in men, the gender difference in opioid analgesic misuse continues to narrow, with more women initiating misuse than men including higher rates of misuse in adolescent girls. Heroin use continues to be approximately twice as common in men as women.
阿片类药物滥用的流行率在性别上的差异一直在演变，近年来并未得到很好的描述。我们的目的是调查 2015 年至 2019 年期间美国阿片类药物滥用和使用障碍在性别上的差异。
我们使用了 2015-2019 年全国毒品使用与健康调查的年度调查数据，以估计阿片类药物滥用在性别上的差异。我们调查了过去一年中阿片类镇痛药滥用的起始、阿片类镇痛药滥用、海洛因使用、阿片类镇痛药使用障碍和海洛因使用障碍。使用逻辑回归模型检验性别差异，并调整了社会人口统计学变量。
在调整分析中，女性过去一年开始使用阿片类镇痛药滥用的可能性比男性高。相比之下，男性更有可能滥用阿片类镇痛药、使用海洛因、以及阿片类镇痛药或海洛因使用障碍。
尽管阿片类药物滥用在历史上更为常见于男性，但阿片类镇痛药滥用在性别上的差异仍在缩小，开始滥用的女性多于男性，包括少女滥用的比例更高。海洛因的使用在男性中仍然大约是女性的两倍。
