Hansen Craig, Neller Anne, Williams Gail, Simpson Rod
Faculty of Science, Health and Education & Institute for Sustainability, Health and Regional Engagement, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Environ Res. 2007 Mar;103(3):383-9. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2006.06.010. Epub 2006 Aug 4.
There is mounting evidence that maternal exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes. We examined birth weight and small for gestational age (SGA <10th percentile for age and gender) among 26,617 singleton full-term births in Brisbane, Australia (July 2000-June 2003), in relation to ambient pollution during pregnancy. We also examined head circumference (HC) and crown-heel length (CHL) among a sub-sample (n=21,432) of the term neonates. Maternal exposure to PM(10), visibility reducing particles (bsp), O(3) and NO(2) was assessed by calculating average exposure estimates over months and trimesters of pregnancy based on a citywide average of the pollutants. Linear and logistic regression models were employed to examine the effect of these pollutants on the birth outcomes after adjusting for potential confounders and season of birth. The regression coefficients were based on an inter-quartile range (IQR) increase in exposure as well as quartiles of exposure with the lowest used as a reference category. Trimester- and monthly specific exposures to all pollutants were not significantly associated with a reduction in either birth weight or HC, or an increased risk of SGA. An IQR increase in NO(2) during the third trimester was associated with a reduction in CHL (beta=-0.15cm, 95% CI -0.25 to -0.05cm) and this was concentrated around exposure during month nine. No other pollutants were associated with a reduction in CHL. In conclusion, there was no strong evidence suggesting that ambient air pollution during pregnancy is associated with sub-optimal fetal growth in Brisbane.
越来越多的证据表明，孕期母亲暴露于环境空气污染中与不良出生结局有关。我们调查了澳大利亚布里斯班26617例单胎足月分娩（2000年7月至2003年6月）的出生体重和小于胎龄儿（SGA，年龄和性别低于第10百分位数）与孕期环境污染的关系。我们还在一个足月新生儿子样本（n = 21432）中检查了头围（HC）和顶臀长（CHL）。通过根据全市污染物平均值计算孕期各月和各孕期的平均暴露估计值，评估母亲对PM（10）、能见度降低颗粒物（bsp）、O（3）和NO（2）的暴露情况。在调整潜在混杂因素和出生季节后，采用线性和逻辑回归模型来研究这些污染物对出生结局的影响。回归系数基于暴露的四分位间距（IQR）增加以及以最低暴露四分位数作为参考类别。所有污染物的孕期各月和各期特定暴露与出生体重或HC的降低以及SGA风险增加均无显著关联。孕晚期NO（2）的IQR增加与CHL降低有关（β=-0.15cm，95%CI -0.25至-0.05cm），且这种关联集中在第9个月的暴露周围。没有其他污染物与CHL降低有关。总之，没有强有力的证据表明布里斯班孕期的环境空气污染与胎儿生长发育欠佳有关。
