High Center for Public Health Research-CSISP, Avda, Cataluña no 21, Valencia 46020, Spain.
Occup Environ Med. 2012 Oct;69(10):736-44. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2011-100550. Epub 2012 Jul 27.
Scant evidence is available on effects of air pollution on longitudinally measured fetal biometry, and thus it remains unclear as to whether there are critical windows of exposure or specificity of effects. Our objective was to examine the association between exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) during pregnancy and fetal and neonatal anthropometry in a cohort of Spanish women.
Temporally adjusted land-use regression was used to estimate exposure to NO2 at home addresses. Biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were evaluated in each trimester by ultrasound. As neonatal outcomes, weight, length and head circumference were analysed. SD scores adjusted by gestational age, mother characteristics and fetus sex were calculated at 12, 20 and 32 weeks of gestation as well as at birth. The association between fetal growth and average exposure to NO2 in the relevant windows was investigated using regression models, adjusted for socio-demographic and lifestyle-related variables.
Exposure to NO2 was inversely associated with BPD, AC and EFW at week 32 and with growth in these parameters in weeks 20-32. BPD and FL were also affected earlier, at week 20. NO2 levels above the median (38 μg/m3) reduced size at week 32 by around 9% in all parameters except for FL (6%). The critical windows of exposure were in early pregnancy, before 20 weeks. Exposure in this period was also inversely associated with neonatal length and head circumference.
Maternal exposure to NO2 is associated with impaired fetal growth from mid-gestation onwards.
关于空气污染对纵向测量胎儿生物测量的影响，证据很少，因此尚不清楚是否存在暴露的关键窗口或特定影响。我们的目的是研究西班牙女性队列中怀孕期间接触二氧化氮（NO2）与胎儿和新生儿人体测量学之间的关系。
使用时间调整的土地利用回归法来估计家庭住址的 NO2 暴露情况。通过超声评估每个孕期的双顶径（BPD）、腹围（AC）、股骨长度（FL）和估计胎儿体重（EFW）。作为新生儿结局，分析体重、长度和头围。在 12、20 和 32 孕周以及出生时，根据胎龄、母亲特征和胎儿性别调整 SD 评分。使用回归模型研究与胎儿生长相关的平均暴露于 NO2 与相关窗口之间的关联，调整了社会人口统计学和与生活方式相关的变量。
NO2 暴露与第 32 周的 BPD、AC 和 EFW 以及第 20-32 周的这些参数的生长呈负相关。BPD 和 FL 也更早受到影响，在第 20 周。中位数（38μg/m3）以上的 NO2 水平使所有参数（FL 除外）在第 32 周的大小减少了约 9%。暴露的关键窗口在妊娠早期，即 20 周之前。在此期间的暴露也与新生儿的长度和头围呈负相关。
母体接触 NO2 与从中孕期开始的胎儿生长受损有关。
