Mannes T, Jalaludin B, Morgan G, Lincoln D, Sheppeard V, Corbett S
NSW Public Health Officer Training Program, New South Wales Health Department, North Sydney, Australia.
Occup Environ Med. 2005 Aug;62(8):524-30. doi: 10.1136/oem.2004.014282.
Studies in Asia, Europe, and the Americas have provided evidence that ambient air pollution may have an adverse effect on birth weight, although results are not consistent.
Average exposure during pregnancy to five common air pollutants was estimated for births in metropolitan Sydney between 1998 and 2000. The effects of pollutant exposure in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy on risk of "small for gestational age" (SGA), and of pollutant exposure during pregnancy on birth weight were examined.
There were 138,056 singleton births in Sydney between 1998 and 2000; 9.7% of babies (13,402) were classified as SGA. Air pollution levels in Sydney were found to be quite low. In linear regression models carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide concentrations in the second and third trimesters had a statistically significant adverse effect on birth weight. For a 1 part per million increase in mean carbon monoxide levels a reduction of 7 (95% CI -5 to 19) to 29 (95% CI 7 to 51) grams in birth weight was estimated. For a 1 part per billion increase in mean nitrogen dioxide levels a reduction of 1 (95% CI 0 to 2) to 34 (95% CI 24 to 43) grams in birth weight was estimated. Particulate matter (diameter less than ten microns) in the second trimester had a small statistically significant adverse effect on birth weight. For a 1 microgram per cubic metre increase in mean particulate matter levels a reduction of 4 grams (95% CI 3 to 6) in birth weight was estimated.
These findings of an association between carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter, and reduction in birth weight should be corroborated by further study.
亚洲、欧洲和美洲的研究已提供证据表明，尽管结果并不一致，但环境空气污染可能对出生体重产生不利影响。
估算了1998年至2000年悉尼大都市地区出生婴儿在孕期接触五种常见空气污染物的平均水平。研究了孕期前三个月、第二个月和第三个月接触污染物对“小于胎龄儿”（SGA）风险的影响，以及孕期接触污染物对出生体重的影响。
1998年至2000年悉尼有138,056例单胎出生；9.7%的婴儿（13,402例）被归类为小于胎龄儿。发现悉尼的空气污染水平相当低。在线性回归模型中，孕中期和孕晚期的一氧化碳和二氧化氮浓度对出生体重有统计学上的显著不利影响。一氧化碳平均水平每增加百万分之一，估计出生体重会减少7克（95%可信区间 -5至19）至29克（95%可信区间7至51）。二氧化氮平均水平每增加十亿分之一，估计出生体重会减少1克（95%可信区间0至2）至34克（95%可信区间24至43）。孕中期的细颗粒物（直径小于10微米）对出生体重有微小的统计学显著不利影响。细颗粒物平均水平每增加每立方米1微克，估计出生体重会减少4克（95%可信区间3至6）。
一氧化碳、二氧化氮和细颗粒物与出生体重降低之间存在关联的这些发现应通过进一步研究加以证实。
