Currie K L, McDonald E C, Chung L T, Higgs A R
Occupational Health Group, British Columbia Research Corporation, Vancouver, Canada.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1990 Jan;51(1):23-7. doi: 10.1080/15298669091369277.
Airborne and surface concentrations of diazinon, chlorpyrifos (Dursban), and bendiocarb (Ficam) were measured at intervals up to 10 days after broadcast spray application onto the floors of seven offices. Results from this work can provide information to evaluate health hazards for workers and others entering treated buildings and can assist public agencies in setting guidelines or regulations. Diazinon and chlorpyrifos airborne concentrations peaked 4 hr after application at 163 and 27 micrograms/m3 of air sampled, respectively. The highest level of bendiocarb (2.7 micrograms/m3) was measured during treatment. Airborne concentrations measured for diazinon indicate that building occupants should not enter unventilated rooms for at least 2 days after spraying. Reentry into unventilated rooms 1 day after treatment with chlorpyrifos or bendiocarb would appear to be safe, however. Residues on aluminum plates and furniture were examined at intervals of up to 48 hr after spraying. In many cases, surface concentrations were higher at 24 or 48 hr than at 1 hr. Concentrations of residues removed from wood and painted metal furniture generally were higher than those on the aluminum plates. Peak residue concentrations were diazinon, 38 ng/cm2 of surface area sampled at 48 hr; chlorpyrifos, 5.9 ng/cm2 at 48 hr; and bendiocarb, 25 ng/cm2 at 1 and 24 hr. Workers who must enter buildings after insecticide application often are unaware of treatment plans and, therefore, are unable to take precautions to minimize their exposure. Inhalation and skin contact with insecticides can be reduced by providing office workers and building occupants with information on treatment times, health effects of insecticide overexposure, steps to take to reduce contact, and the perceived health risk. It is essential that treated areas be ventilated adequately before workers return to their offices.
在向七间办公室的地面进行广播喷洒后，每隔一定时间（最长为10天）测量空气中和表面的二嗪农、毒死蜱（敌百虫）和恶虫威（速灭威）浓度。这项工作的结果可为评估进入经处理建筑物的工人及其他人的健康危害提供信息，并有助于公共机构制定指导方针或法规。二嗪农和毒死蜱的空气浓度在施药后4小时达到峰值，分别为每立方米空气中采样163微克和27微克。恶虫威的最高浓度（2.7微克/立方米）是在处理过程中测得的。所测二嗪农的空气浓度表明，建筑物居住者在喷洒后至少2天内不应进入未通风的房间。然而，在用毒死蜱或恶虫威处理1天后重新进入未通风的房间似乎是安全的。在喷洒后最长48小时的间隔内检查铝板和家具上的残留物。在许多情况下，24小时或48小时时的表面浓度高于1小时时的浓度。从木质和涂漆金属家具上清除的残留物浓度通常高于铝板上的浓度。残留浓度峰值为：二嗪农，在48小时时每平方厘米表面积采样38纳克；毒死蜱，在48小时时为5.9纳克/平方厘米；恶虫威，在1小时和24小时时为25纳克/平方厘米。在杀虫剂施药后必须进入建筑物的工人往往不知道处理计划，因此无法采取预防措施来尽量减少接触。通过向办公室工作人员和建筑物居住者提供有关处理时间、杀虫剂过度接触的健康影响、减少接触的措施以及感知到的健康风险等信息，可以减少吸入和皮肤接触杀虫剂的情况。在工人返回办公室之前，对处理过的区域进行充分通风至关重要。
