Lorberau C D, Pride J L
Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2000 Dec;15(12):946-50. doi: 10.1080/104732200750051184.
In a laboratory study, gauze pads and Empore filters were compared for their ability to assess the dermal exposure of two insecticides (chlorpyrifos and diazinon) and five herbicides (atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, cyanazine, and 2,4-D ethylhexyl ester). The analytes, when analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, were found to have a linear dynamic range to at least 250 micrograms/mL. While a number of different solvents were examined for the desorption of the analytes, methanol was found to be the best solvent for the recovery of all the analytes from 16-ply gauze pads, while 20 percent ethyl acetate in hexane was the preferred solvent for the styrene divinylbenzene-impregnated Empore filters. Limits of detection (LODs) for the analytes were comparable for both media. For Empore filters, the LODs were 50 micrograms/sample for atrazine, alachlor, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and 2,4-D ethylhexy ester, with 30 micrograms/sample for metolachlor, and 80 micrograms/sample for cyanazine. For gauze pads, the LODs were 40 micrograms/sample for metolachlor, 50 micrograms/sample for alachlor, diazinon, and 2,4-D ethylhexy ester, 60 micrograms/sample for atrazine and chlorpyrifos, and 80 micrograms/sample for cyanazine. Both gauze pads and Empore filters gave quantitative recovery for all analytes except chlorpyrifos and 2,4-D ethylhexyl ester under ambient conditions (18 degrees C, 70% relative humidity) for up to 30 days; these analytes required refrigeration for that period to reach over 90 percent recovery. To assess the effect of environmental conditions on the recovery of the analytes, samples of each media were spiked at about 125 micrograms per analyte/sample (except cyanazine which was spiked at 190 micrograms) and challenged for 8 hr under high (80%) and low (20%) humidity and high (40 degrees C) and low (5 degrees C) temperature conditions in an environmental chamber. While the Empore samples gave quantitative recovery after being challenged, recovery from the gauze pads was affected by environmental conditions, especially high temperature. Recovery from gauze pads was below 30 percent for some analytes under high temperature/high humidity conditions.
在一项实验室研究中，对纱布垫和Empore滤器评估两种杀虫剂（毒死蜱和二嗪农）及五种除草剂（莠去津、甲草胺、异丙甲草胺、氰草津和2,4-滴乙酯）皮肤暴露情况的能力进行了比较。通过带有火焰离子化检测的气相色谱法分析时，发现分析物的线性动态范围至少为250微克/毫升。虽然研究了多种不同溶剂对分析物的解吸情况，但发现甲醇是从16层纱布垫中回收所有分析物的最佳溶剂，而正己烷中20%的乙酸乙酯是用于苯乙烯二乙烯基苯浸渍的Empore滤器的首选溶剂。两种介质中分析物的检测限相当。对于Empore滤器，莠去津、甲草胺、毒死蜱、二嗪农和2,4-滴乙酯的检测限为50微克/样品，异丙甲草胺为30微克/样品，氰草津为80微克/样品。对于纱布垫，异丙甲草胺的检测限为40微克/样品，甲草胺、二嗪农和2,4-滴乙酯为50微克/样品，莠去津和毒死蜱为60微克/样品，氰草津为80微克/样品。在环境条件（18摄氏度，70%相对湿度）下长达30天的时间里，除毒死蜱和2,4-滴乙酯外，纱布垫和Empore滤器对所有分析物均能实现定量回收；在该时间段内，这些分析物需要冷藏才能达到90%以上的回收率。为评估环境条件对分析物回收率的影响，每种介质的样品按约125微克/分析物/样品进行加标（氰草津加标量为190微克），并在环境试验箱中的高湿度（80%）和低湿度（20%）以及高温（40摄氏度）和低温（5摄氏度）条件下进行8小时的试验。虽然Empore样品在试验后能实现定量回收，但纱布垫的回收率受环境条件影响，尤其是高温。在高温/高湿度条件下，某些分析物从纱布垫中的回收率低于30%。
