Edwards Peter P, Rao C N R, Kumar N, Alexandrov A Sasha
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK.
Chemphyschem. 2006 Sep 11;7(9):2015-21. doi: 10.1002/cphc.200600241.
All superconductors are solids in their superconducting state, this canonical electronic state of matter presently having only been observed well below the melting temperature of the solid. The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates has widened significantly our horizons of the theoretical understanding of the physical phenomenon. A number of observations point to the possibility that superconductors with a high superconducting transition temperature may not be conventional Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superconductors, but rather derive from the Bose-Einstein condensation of real-space pairs. While BCS superconductors exist in the solid state (probably with the exception of metallic liquid hydrogen at ultrahigh pressures), we argue here that a superconducting charged Bose liquid may be found in a true liquid state of condensed matter at ambient pressure. An experimental scenario is outlined in fluid metal-ammonia solutions for stabilizing and observing a high-temperature superconducting liquid (ca. 230 K) or at least a vitreous superconductor in the corresponding quenched solutions (ca. 160 K).
所有超导体在其超导态下均为固体，目前这种典型的物质电子态仅在远低于固体熔点的温度下才能被观测到。铜酸盐中高温超导性的发现极大地拓宽了我们对这一物理现象理论理解的视野。大量观察结果表明，具有高超导转变温度的超导体可能并非传统的巴丁 - 库珀 - 施里弗（BCS）超导体，而是源于实空间对的玻色 - 爱因斯坦凝聚。虽然BCS超导体以固态存在（超高压下的金属液态氢可能除外），但我们在此认为，在常压下的凝聚态物质的真实液态中可能会发现超导带电玻色液体。本文概述了一种在流体金属 - 氨溶液中的实验方案，用于稳定并观测高温超导液体（约230 K），或者至少在相应的淬火溶液中观测到玻璃态超导体（约160 K）。
