Miller Jennifer L, Freed-Brown S Grace, White David J, King Andrew P, West Meredith J
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
J Comp Psychol. 2006 Aug;120(3):229-38. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.120.3.229.
Five variables were studied relating to the emergence of sociality in hand-reared cowbirds (Molothrus ater): proximity, sex assortment, reactions to adults, head-down displays, and vocalizations. The authors were especially interested in female sociality because adult female birds influence male courtship, song content, and use through proximity, attention, and displays. The authors found that young female birds failed to show same-sex affiliation typical of the species at any point in the study. Brief introduction of adults did not affect social patterns. Adults used more head-down displays than juveniles, who used more displays with familiar peers. Directed and undirected singing emerged concurrently; directed singing was positively correlated with earlier hatching. This is the first demonstration of the need for early learning in the development of female sociality.
研究了与人工饲养的褐头牛鹂（Molothrus ater）社会性出现相关的五个变量：接近程度、性别分类、对成年鸟的反应、低头展示和发声。作者对雌性社会性特别感兴趣，因为成年雌鸟通过接近、关注和展示来影响雄鸟的求偶、歌声内容和使用。作者发现，在研究的任何阶段，年轻雌鸟都未表现出该物种典型的同性依恋。引入成年鸟并未影响社会模式。成年鸟比幼鸟更多地使用低头展示，而幼鸟则更多地与熟悉的同伴进行展示。定向和非定向鸣叫同时出现；定向鸣叫与较早孵化呈正相关。这是首次证明雌性社会性发展需要早期学习。
