White David J, Gros-Louis Julie, King Andrew P, Papakhian Maral A, West Meredith J
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
J Comp Psychol. 2007 May;121(2):113-22. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.121.2.113.
In past work, the authors produced divergent patterns of courtship and communication in juvenile male cowbirds (Molothrus ater) by providing them with different social experiences during their 1st year. Here the authors determined whether these different social patterns could be transmitted to new generations of juvenile males. In Experiment 1, the authors exposed groups of juveniles to adult males who differed in the amount of male-male competition they produced. In Experiment 2, they gave groups of juveniles either social access to adult males or only visual and acoustic access to those males. In both experiments, juvenile males developed patterns of courtship and competition similar to those expressed by the adult males with whom they had social contact. The juveniles never had the opportunity to observe some of the adults' behaviors that they came to replicate. This suggests that the role of the adults was to establish the social structure in the groups, modifying juveniles' early social interactions. Juveniles were then "cultured" within these different learning environments, constructing social behavior similar to the adult males' behavior in their 1st year.
在过去的研究中，作者通过在第一年为幼年雄性褐头牛鹂（Molothrus ater）提供不同的社会经历，使其产生了不同的求偶和交流模式。在此，作者确定了这些不同的社会模式是否能够传递给新一代的幼年雄性。在实验1中，作者让几组幼鸟接触成年雄性，这些成年雄性在产生的雄雄竞争数量上有所不同。在实验2中，他们让几组幼鸟要么能与成年雄性进行社交接触，要么只能通过视觉和听觉接触这些雄性。在两个实验中，幼年雄性都形成了与它们有社交接触的成年雄性所表现出的类似求偶和竞争模式。幼鸟从未有机会观察到它们后来开始模仿的一些成年鸟的行为。这表明成年鸟的作用是在群体中建立社会结构，改变幼鸟早期的社会互动。然后，幼鸟在这些不同的学习环境中“接受熏陶”，在第一年构建出与成年雄性行为相似的社会行为。
