Murphy James G, Barnett Nancy P, Colby Suzanne M
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006 Aug;14(3):339-49. doi: 10.1037/1064-1297.14.3.339.
College student alcohol abuse remains a significant public health problem, and there is a need for theory-driven and empirically based models to guide prevention efforts. Behavioral theories of choice assume that the decision to consume alcohol is influenced by the relative value of alcohol versus other available activities. In the present study, a sample of college student drinkers (N=108; 56% female, 44% male) who had previously completed a mandatory alcohol intervention completed a measure of alcohol-related and alcohol-free activity participation and enjoyment. The goals of the study were to examine the influence of drinking quantity and contextual variables on activity enjoyment and to identify enjoyable alcohol-free activities that take place on evenings when students might otherwise be drinking. Overall, students found alcohol-related activities more enjoyable than alcohol-free activities, and drinking quantity was positively related to enjoyment. However, alcohol-free activities such as watching movies, going to the theater or museums, going to bars or parties, hanging out with friends, eating at restaurants, and engaging in creative activity were generally as enjoyable as drinking. Alcohol-free activities that included peers or dates were more enjoyable than solitary activities. Men were less likely to engage in alcohol-free activities that included peers and reported less enjoyment related to alcohol-free activities than did women. Further research is required to identify procedures for increasing participation in alcohol-free activities and to determine whether increased alcohol-free activity participation results in decreased alcohol consumption.
大学生酗酒仍然是一个严重的公共卫生问题，需要理论驱动和基于实证的模型来指导预防工作。行为选择理论认为，饮酒的决定受酒精相对于其他可参与活动的相对价值影响。在本研究中，一组曾完成强制性酒精干预的大学生饮酒者样本（N = 108；56%为女性，44%为男性）完成了一项关于与酒精相关及无酒精活动参与度和享受程度的测量。该研究的目的是检验饮酒量和情境变量对活动享受程度的影响，并确定在学生原本可能饮酒的晚上进行的、令人愉快的无酒精活动。总体而言，学生们发现与酒精相关的活动比无酒精活动更有趣，且饮酒量与享受程度呈正相关。然而，诸如看电影、去剧院或博物馆、去酒吧或参加派对、与朋友闲逛、在餐馆吃饭以及参与创意活动等无酒精活动通常与饮酒一样令人愉快。包含同伴或约会的无酒精活动比单独活动更有趣。男性参与包含同伴的无酒精活动的可能性较小，且与女性相比，他们报告的与无酒精活动相关的乐趣较少。需要进一步研究以确定增加无酒精活动参与度的方法，并确定增加无酒精活动参与度是否会导致酒精消费量下降。
