Yi Huanfa, Zhen Yu, Jiang Lingling, Zheng Jialin, Zhao Yong
Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Cell Mol Immunol. 2006 Jun;3(3):189-95.
The homeostasis of the immune system depends on the balance between the immune response to an invaded pathogen and the immune tolerance to self antigens. Both central and peripheral tolerances are important mechanisms for the induction and maintenance of T cell tolerance. Recently, much attention has been paid to regulatory T cells (Treg), which play a significant role in maintaining peripheral immune tolerance. So far, there has been no satisfactory advance regarding the surface markers of Treg cells, as none is unique for Treg cells. In this review, we summarize some important molecules expressed in naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ Treg cells (nTreg), including forkhead/winged-helix family transcriptional repressor p3 (Foxp3), the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, CD28/CTLA4 molecules, chemokine receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), membrane-bound TGF-beta and other molecules, such as neuropilin-1, lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG)-3 and granzyme. This review provides a collective view on current studies of nTreg cell activation and development related to the expression of molecules and cell phenotype markers, which is important for elucidation of nTreg cell origin, development and function.
免疫系统的稳态取决于对入侵病原体的免疫反应与对自身抗原的免疫耐受之间的平衡。中枢耐受和外周耐受都是诱导和维持T细胞耐受的重要机制。近年来，调节性T细胞（Treg）备受关注，其在维持外周免疫耐受中发挥着重要作用。到目前为止，Treg细胞的表面标志物尚无令人满意的进展，因为没有一种标志物是Treg细胞所特有的。在本综述中，我们总结了天然存在的CD4+CD25+ Treg细胞（nTreg）中表达的一些重要分子，包括叉头/翼状螺旋家族转录抑制因子p3（Foxp3）、肿瘤坏死因子受体（TNFR）家族、CD28/CTLA4分子、趋化因子受体、Toll样受体（TLR）、膜结合转化生长因子-β以及其他分子，如神经纤毛蛋白-1、淋巴细胞激活基因-3（LAG）-3和颗粒酶。本综述对目前与分子表达和细胞表型标志物相关的nTreg细胞激活和发育研究进行了综述，这对于阐明nTreg细胞的起源、发育和功能具有重要意义。
