Moon Francis C, Stiefel Preston D
Joseph Ford Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY 14853-7501, USA.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2006 Sep 15;364(1846):2539-63. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2006.1839.
This paper addresses the nature of noise in machines. As a concrete example, we examine the dynamics of clock escapements from experimental, historical and analytical points of view. Experiments on two escapement mechanisms from the Reuleaux kinematic collection at Cornell University are used to illustrate chaotic-like noise in clocks. These vibrations coexist with the periodic dynamics of the balance wheel or pendulum. A mathematical model is presented that shows how self-generated chaos in clocks can break the dry friction in the gear train. This model is shown to exhibit a strange attractor in the structural vibration of the clock. The internal feedback between the oscillator and the escapement structure is similar to anti-control of chaos models.
本文探讨了机器中噪声的本质。作为一个具体例子，我们从实验、历史和分析的角度研究了时钟擒纵机构的动力学。通过对康奈尔大学勒洛运动学收藏中的两种擒纵机构进行实验，来说明时钟中类似混沌的噪声。这些振动与摆轮或摆锤的周期性动力学共存。提出了一个数学模型，该模型展示了时钟中自产生的混沌如何打破齿轮系中的干摩擦。该模型在时钟的结构振动中表现出一个奇怪的吸引子。振荡器与擒纵机构结构之间的内部反馈类似于混沌模型的反控制。
