King Gillian, Willoughby Colleen, Specht Jacqueline A, Brown Elizabeth
Thames Valley Children's Centre in London, Ontario, Canada.
Qual Health Res. 2006 Sep;16(7):902-25. doi: 10.1177/1049732306289920.
In a qualitative study examining turning points in life, 15 adults with chronic disabilities (cerebral palsy, spina bifida, or attention deficit disorder) provided information about the nature and meaning of their social support experiences. The study revealed three types of psychological support linked to self-perceptions and enabling beliefs: (a) emotional support (valuing and acceptance leading to perceptions of "being believed in" and a sense of self-esteem), (b) instrumental support (guidance and provision of strategies leading to self-efficacy), and (c) cognitive support (affirmation, confirmation, and new perspectives leading to coherence in self-concept and worldview). The findings have important implications for service delivery with respect to understanding client needs for different kinds of support, especially at periods of transition, and for providing optimal experiences and creating supportive environments. In particular, the role of cognitive support deserves more attention in understanding the adaptation of individuals with chronic disabilities.
在一项关于人生转折点的定性研究中，15名患有慢性残疾（脑瘫、脊柱裂或注意力缺陷障碍）的成年人提供了有关其社会支持经历的性质和意义的信息。该研究揭示了与自我认知和赋能信念相关的三种心理支持类型：（a）情感支持（重视和接纳导致“被信任”的认知和自尊感），（b）工具性支持（指导和提供策略导致自我效能感），以及（c）认知支持（肯定、确认和新观点导致自我概念和世界观的连贯一致）。这些发现对于服务提供具有重要意义，有助于理解客户对不同类型支持的需求，尤其是在过渡时期，并有助于提供最佳体验和营造支持性环境。特别是，认知支持在理解慢性残疾个体的适应方面的作用值得更多关注。
