Proske Uwe
Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Muscle Nerve. 2006 Nov;34(5):545-58. doi: 10.1002/mus.20627.
The kinesthetic sense, the sense of position and movement of our limbs, has been the subject of speculation for more than 400 years. The present-day view is that it is signaled principally by muscle spindles, with a subsidiary role played by skin and joint receptors. The problem with muscle spindles as position sensors is that they are able to generate impulses in response to muscle length changes as well as from fusimotor activity. The central nervous system must be able to distinguish between activity from the two sources. Recent observations on position sense after fatigue and during load-bearing suggest that an additional source of kinesthetic information comes from a centrally generated sensation, the sense of effort. This has consequences for kinesthesia in the presence of the force of gravity. A contribution from central feedback mechanisms to the sense of effort is relevant to certain clinical conditions.
动觉，即我们四肢的位置和运动感觉，400多年来一直是人们猜测的对象。目前的观点认为，它主要由肌梭发出信号，皮肤和关节感受器起辅助作用。肌梭作为位置传感器的问题在于，它们能够响应肌肉长度变化以及梭外肌运动活动而产生冲动。中枢神经系统必须能够区分来自这两种来源的活动。最近关于疲劳后和负重时位置感觉的观察表明，动觉信息的另一个来源来自中枢产生的感觉，即用力感觉。这对存在重力时的动觉有影响。中枢反馈机制对用力感觉的贡献与某些临床情况有关。
