DeBedout Jennifer K, Worden Melissa C
Fulton County Schools, Georgia, USA.
J Music Ther. 2006 Summer;43(2):123-35. doi: 10.1093/jmt/43.2.123.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of the presence of a music therapist versus the use of switch-activated toys and recorded music in evoking physiological, affective, and vocal responses in school-aged children who are considered SID, or Severely Intellectually Disabled. Researchers studied movement responses to determine how these children might respond more readily to a music therapist interacting musically with them than to the toys and to the recorded music. Each of the 17 children participated in a videotaped session that included 5 trials. Other than the rest trial, motivators presented were: a switch-activated pig toy, switch-activated recorded music, the music therapist playing and singing to the child contingent upon his touching the guitar, and the therapist playing and singing to the child continually. A data collection sheet was developed by the researchers to assess positive responses by measuring limb and head movement, vocal sound, and facial expression change. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine differences in means responses to music and nonmusic trials. At a 90% level of confidence, statistical significance was attained in comparing the responses to the pig toy, recorded music, and "activated guitar" trial to the trial during which the therapist played guitar and sang continually to the child. In addition, at a 95% level of confidence, statistically significant differences were found in comparing the pig and the recorded music trials with the therapist trial.
本研究的目的是分析音乐治疗师的在场与使用开关激活玩具及录制音乐相比，对被认为患有重度智力残疾（SID）的学龄儿童在引发生理、情感和声音反应方面的影响。研究人员研究了运动反应，以确定这些儿童对音乐治疗师与其进行音乐互动的反应是否比对玩具和录制音乐的反应更迅速。17名儿童中的每一位都参加了一次录像 sessions，其中包括5次试验。除了休息试验外，呈现的刺激因素有：一个开关激活的猪玩具、开关激活的录制音乐、音乐治疗师在孩子触摸吉他时为其演奏和唱歌，以及治疗师持续为孩子演奏和唱歌。研究人员制定了一份数据收集表，通过测量肢体和头部运动、声音以及面部表情变化来评估积极反应。使用克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯检验来确定对音乐和非音乐试验的平均反应差异。在90%的置信水平下，在将对猪玩具、录制音乐和“激活吉他”试验的反应与治疗师持续为孩子弹奏吉他并唱歌的试验进行比较时，达到了统计学显著性。此外，在95%的置信水平下，在将猪玩具和录制音乐试验与治疗师试验进行比较时发现了统计学上的显著差异。
