Cevasco Andrea M, Grant Roy E
The University of Georgia, USA.
J Music Ther. 2006 Fall;43(3):226-46. doi: 10.1093/jmt/43.3.226.
The purpose of this study was to determine the value of designated musical instruments used by the therapist to elicit responses from persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) during group sessions. In Experiment 1, 15 individuals in the early and middle stages of AD echoed rhythm patterns played by the therapist via the djembe, claves, paddle drum, and maraca. Results indicated significance for the rhythm patterns used, p < .05, and the types of instruments used, p < .05. A significant difference occurred for interaction of instruments by rhythms, p < .001. Rhythmic accuracy was highest when the therapist presented rhythms on the djembe, followed by the paddle drum, maraca, and claves. The most accurate rhythm pattern was 8 eighth-notes, the second most accurate was 4 quarter-notes, and the third was 2 eighths followed by a quarter note, repeated. Ten individuals in the middle to later stages of AD participated in Experiment 2. The treatment conditions consisted of 6 musical instruments used by the therapists to elicit responses during movement, singing, and rhythm activities. Average participation at any level (singing and moving/playing, singing only, and moving/playing only) in the 6 treatment conditions was highest during a cappella singing (63%), followed by djembe (61%), keyboard (60%), guitar and djembe (57%), and then guitar (54%) and autoharp (54%). Average participation at any level in the four activities, without any consideration of instruments, was as follows: 83% for the rhythm activity, 51% for the movement activity, and 49% for the first as well as second singing activity. Results indicated significant differences for the treatment conditions, p < .001, and for types of activities, p < .05. Significant difference, p < .01, occurred for interaction of treatment condition by activity.
本研究的目的是确定治疗师在小组治疗期间使用特定乐器引发阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者反应的价值。在实验1中，15名处于AD早期和中期的个体模仿了治疗师通过非洲手鼓、响棒、板鼓和沙球演奏的节奏模式。结果表明，所使用的节奏模式具有显著性，p <.05，所使用的乐器类型也具有显著性，p <.05。乐器与节奏的交互作用存在显著差异，p <.001。当治疗师用非洲手鼓呈现节奏时，节奏准确性最高，其次是板鼓、沙球和响棒。最准确的节奏模式是8个八分音符，第二准确的是4个四分音符，第三准确的是2个八分音符后跟一个四分音符并重复。10名处于AD中晚期的个体参与了实验2。治疗条件包括治疗师在运动、唱歌和节奏活动中用于引发反应的6种乐器。在6种治疗条件下，无伴奏唱歌时任何水平（唱歌和移动/演奏、仅唱歌、仅移动/演奏）的平均参与度最高（63%），其次是非洲手鼓（61%）、键盘（60%）、吉他和非洲手鼓（57%），然后是吉他（54%）和自动竖琴（54%）。在不考虑乐器的情况下，四项活动中任何水平的平均参与度如下：节奏活动为83%，运动活动为51%，第一次和第二次唱歌活动均为49%。结果表明治疗条件具有显著差异，p <.001，活动类型也具有显著差异，p <.05。治疗条件与活动的交互作用存在显著差异，p <.01。
