Niedhammer I, David S, Degioanni S
Inserm U 687-IFR 69, Hôpital National de Saint-Maurice, 14, rue du Val-d'Osne, 94410 Saint-Maurice.
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2006 Jun;54(3):245-62. doi: 10.1016/s0398-7620(06)76720-7.
Workplace bullying is considered as a major job stress factor and is associated with mental disorders. To date, there was no validated French version of the "Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror" (LIPT), considered to be the instrument of reference. The objective of this study was to elaborate this French version and to explore its factorial, convergent and predictive validity.
The present study was based on a large sample of men and women of the working population asked to participate to a cross-sectional survey by a network of 143 occupational physicians in the South-East of France. This study included 7694 subjects, 3132 men and 4562 women, who responded to the anonymous self-questionnaire including the French version of the LIPT. This version was obtained by a standard forward/backward translation procedure.
The LIPT allows to evaluate the 12-month prevalence of exposure to 45 forms of bullying. The analysis of an open question asking for other potentially missing forms of bullying underlined the satisfactory coverage of the LIPT. The study of the factorial validity showed a satisfactory coherence in the interpretation of the factors obtained. Leymann defined workplace bullying by the exposure to at least one form of bullying, weekly or more, and for at least six months. The convergent and predictive validity were increased when this definition was combined with the self-report of being exposed to bullying.
This study is the first one elaborating and validating the French version of the LIPT by Leymann. This step of development and validation of the French version of questionnaires seems crucial to set up future high-quality studies, and to allow comparisons at the international level. Workplace bullying seems to be a serious problem in the French working life given the prevalence observed here (around 10%). Forthcoming studies should prefer using such validated questionnaire to better understand and prevent this occupational risk factor.
职场霸凌被视为主要的工作压力因素，且与精神障碍有关。迄今为止，尚无经过验证的法语版“莱曼心理恐怖量表”（LIPT），而该量表被视为参考工具。本研究的目的是编制此法语版量表，并探讨其因子效度、收敛效度和预测效度。
本研究基于法国东南部143名职业医师网络邀请参与横断面调查的大量在职男女样本。该研究纳入了7694名受试者，其中3132名男性和4562名女性，他们对包含法语版LIPT的匿名自填问卷进行了回答。此版本通过标准的正向/反向翻译程序获得。
LIPT可用于评估接触45种霸凌形式的12个月患病率。对一个询问其他可能遗漏的霸凌形式的开放性问题的分析强调了LIPT的覆盖范围令人满意。因子效度研究表明，对所获因子的解释具有令人满意的一致性。莱曼将职场霸凌定义为每周或更频繁地接触至少一种霸凌形式，且持续至少六个月。当这一定义与遭受霸凌的自我报告相结合时，收敛效度和预测效度有所提高。
本研究是首次编制并验证莱曼LIPT的法语版。问卷法语版的这一开发和验证步骤对于开展未来高质量研究以及进行国际层面的比较似乎至关重要。鉴于此处观察到的患病率（约10%），职场霸凌在法国工作生活中似乎是一个严重问题。未来的研究应优先使用此类经过验证的问卷，以更好地理解和预防这一职业风险因素。
