Scalliet Pierre
Department of Radiation Oncology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium.
Radiother Oncol. 2006 Sep;80(3):275-81. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2006.07.003. Epub 2006 Aug 14.
Modern societies are risk societies. Together with the formidable development of complex technologies (chemical industry, energy production, mass transportation, etc), new hazards have emerged. Sharing danger is the hallmark of modernity, as large industrial accidents can now have countrywide, or even, worldwide consequences. The Chernobyl explosion for example, has smeared large European surfaces with radioactive materials, across borders and nations, without any regard for who was responsible and who was the victim. Complex technologies should therefore be managed with great foresightness, particularly focusing on preventive management. A sound understanding of the (minor) role of human errors of operators and the (major) role of process design is a pre-requisite for appropriate management. This also applies to the complex business of radiotherapy, as the same organisational principles apply than in the heavy industry: restrict the role of operators, expect their mistakes, design in a mistake-proof way, accept the burden of preventive maintenances, supervise maintenance carefully and, above all, invest in safety.
现代社会是风险社会。随着复杂技术（化学工业、能源生产、大规模运输等）的迅猛发展，新的危害已经出现。分担危险是现代性的标志，因为大型工业事故如今可能产生全国性甚至全球性的后果。例如，切尔诺贝利核爆炸已使欧洲大片地区被放射性物质污染，跨越国界和国家，全然不顾谁应负责、谁是受害者。因此，对于复杂技术的管理应有高度的前瞻性，尤其要注重预防性管理。充分认识操作人员人为失误的（次要）作用以及过程设计的（主要）作用，是进行恰当管理的先决条件。这同样适用于放射治疗这一复杂业务，因为与重工业适用相同的组织原则：限制操作人员的作用，预料到他们的失误，以防错方式进行设计，承担预防性维护的责任，仔细监督维护工作，最重要的是，在安全方面进行投入。
