Ji F, McGlone J J, Kim S W
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2006 Sep;84(9):2482-90. doi: 10.2527/jas.2005-206.
Five experiments were conducted to test the effects of various dietary humic substances (HS; HS1, 2, 3, and 4, each with different fulvic and humic acid contents) on pig growth, carcass characteristics, and ammonia emission from manure. In Exp. 1, 120 pigs were allotted to 3 dietary treatments without HS (control) or with HS1 at 0.5 and 1.0% (8 pens/treatment and 5 pigs/pen) and fed diets, based on a 5-phase feeding program, from weaning (d 21.3 +/- 0.3 of age) to 60 kg of BW. In Exp. 2 and 3, 384 pigs (192 for each experiment) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments without HS, with HS1, or with HS2 (0.5%) for Exp. 2 and without HS, or with HS3 or HS4 (0.5%) for Exp. 3 (8 pens/treatment and 8 pigs/pen in each experiment). Pigs were fed diets, based on a 6-phase feeding program, from weaning (25.4 +/-0.2 and 23.6 +/-0.3 d of age for Exp. 2 and 3, respectively) to 110 kg of BW. In Exp. 4, 96 pigs were weaned at 22.1 +/-0.2 d of age and allotted to 2 treatments without or with HS1 at 0.5% (6 pens/treatment and 8 pigs/pen), and in Exp. 5 96 pigs were weaned at 20.9 +/-0.3 d of age and allotted to 3 treatments without HS, or with HS3 or HS4 (0.5%; 4 pens/treatment and 8 pigs/pen). Pigs were fed the diets for at least 2 wk before they were moved to an environmental chamber to measure aerial ammonia and hydrogen sulfide for 48 h at 5-min intervals. In Exp. 1, pigs fed diets with HS1 at 0.5% had greater (P < 0.05) ADG during phase 3 and greater (P < 0.05) G:F during phases 3 and 5 than control pigs. In Exp. 2, pigs fed diets with HS1 or HS2 at 0.5% had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F than control pigs during the entire feeding period, whereas in Exp. 3 HS3 or HS4 did not improve pig growth performance. Ammonia emission from manure was reduced by 18 or 16% when pigs were fed diets with HS1 (P = 0.067) or HS4 (P = 0.054), respectively. The results of this study indicate that the effects of dietary HS are variable but may improve growth performance of pigs and reduce ammonia emission from manure. Further research is needed to clarify these effects and the mechanisms by which HS may cause them.
进行了五项试验，以测试各种日粮腐殖质物质（HS；HS1、2、3和4，每种腐殖质物质的黄腐酸和腐殖酸含量不同）对猪生长性能、胴体特性以及粪便氨气排放的影响。在试验1中，将120头猪分配到3种日粮处理组，分别为不添加HS（对照组）、添加0.5%和1.0%的HS1（每组8个圈栏，每圈栏5头猪），并根据五阶段饲养方案，从断奶（年龄21.3±0.3日龄）至体重达60 kg期间饲喂日粮。在试验2和3中，将384头猪（每个试验192头）分配到3种日粮处理组，试验2的处理组分别为不添加HS、添加HS1或添加0.5%的HS2，试验3的处理组分别为不添加HS、添加HS3或添加0.5%的HS4（每个试验每组8个圈栏，每圈栏8头猪）。根据六阶段饲养方案，从断奶（试验2和3的断奶日龄分别为25.4±0.2日龄和23.6±0.3日龄）至体重达110 kg期间饲喂猪日粮。在试验4中，96头猪在22.1±0.2日龄断奶，分配到2种处理组，分别为不添加HS和添加0.5%的HS1（每组6个圈栏，每圈栏8头猪），在试验5中，96头猪在20.9±0.3日龄断奶，分配到3种处理组，分别为不添加HS、添加HS3或添加0.5%的HS4（每组4个圈栏，每圈栏8头猪）。在将猪转移至环境舱以每隔5分钟测量48小时的空气中氨气和硫化氢含量之前，猪至少饲喂日粮2周。在试验1中，饲喂含0.5% HS1日粮的猪在第3阶段的平均日增重（ADG）更高（P<0.05），在第3和第5阶段的料重比（G:F）更高（P<0.05），高于对照组猪。在试验2中，饲喂含0.5% HS1或HS2日粮的猪在整个饲养期的ADG和G:F均高于对照组猪（P<0.05），而在试验3中，HS3或HS4未改善猪的生长性能。当猪分别饲喂含HS1（P = 0.
