Walsh M C, Sholly D M, Hinson R B, Saddoris K L, Sutton A L, Radcliffe J S, Odgaard R, Murphy J, Richert B T
Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2007 Jul;85(7):1799-808. doi: 10.2527/jas.2006-049. Epub 2007 Feb 12.
Two 5-wk experiments were conducted to determine the effects of water and diet acidification with and without antibiotics on weanling pig growth performance and microbial shedding. In Exp. 1, 204 pigs (19.2 d of age) were used in a 3 x 2 factorial, with 3 dietary treatments fed with or without water acidification (2.58 mL/L of a propionic acid blend; KEM SAN, Kemin Americas, Des Moines, IA). Dietary treatments were: 1) control, 2) control + 55 ppm of carbadox (CB), and 3) dietary acid [DA; control + 0.4% organic acid-based blend (fumaric, lactate, citric, propionic, and benzoic acids; Kemin Americas)] on d 0 to 7 followed by 0.2% inorganic acid-based blend (phosphoric, fumaric, lactic, and citric acids; Kemin Americas) on d 7 to 34. In Exp. 2, 210 pigs (average 18.3 d of age) were fed 1 of 3 dietary treatments: 1) control, 2) control + 55 ppm of CB, and 3) control + 38.6 ppm of tiamulin + 441 ppm of chlortetracycline on d 0 to 7 followed by 110 ppm of chlortetracycline on d 7 to 35 (TC) with or without dietary acidification (same as Exp. 1) in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. For both experiments, the pigs were allotted based on genetics, sex, and initial BW [5.5 kg (Exp. 1) or 5.6 kg (Exp. 2)]. Pigs were housed at 6 or 7 (Exp. 1) and 7 (Exp. 2) pigs/pen. Treatments were fed in 3 phases: d 0 to 7, 7 to 21, and 21 to 35 (34 d, Exp. 1). Fecal grab samples were collected from 3 pigs/pen on d 6, 20, and 33 for measurement of pH and Escherichia coli. During phase 3 and overall in Exp. 1, pigs fed CB had greater (P < 0.001) ADG (overall ADG, 389 vs. 348, and 348 g/d, respectively), ADFI (P < 0.007, 608 vs. 559, and 554 g/d, respectively), and d 34 BW (P < 0.001, 18.8 vs. 17.3, and 17.3 kg, respectively) than pigs fed NC and DA. Phase 3 ADG was improved (P < 0.01) by water acidification across all diets. In Exp. 2, pigs fed CB and TC had greater ADG (P < 0.004; 315 and 303 vs. 270 g/d, respectively), ADFI (P < 0.01), and d 35 BW (P < 0.002; 16.7 and 16.2 vs. 15.1 kg, respectively) than pigs fed NC. There was a tendency (P < 0.08) for an improvement in ADG when DA was added to the NC or TC, but decreased ADG when DA was added to CB.
进行了两项为期5周的试验，以确定添加或不添加抗生素的饮水和日粮酸化对断奶仔猪生长性能及微生物排泄的影响。在试验1中，选用204头仔猪（19.2日龄），采用3×2析因设计，3种日粮处理分别为添加或不添加饮水酸化剂（2.58 mL/L丙酸混合物；KEM SAN，Kemin Americas公司，得梅因，爱荷华州）。日粮处理为：1）对照组，2）对照组+55 ppm卡巴氧（CB），3）日粮酸化组[DA；对照组+0.4%有机酸盐混合物（富马酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、丙酸和苯甲酸；Kemin Americas公司），第0至7天，然后在第7至34天添加0.2%无机酸盐混合物（磷酸、富马酸、乳酸和柠檬酸；Kemin Americas公司）]。在试验2中，选用210头仔猪（平均18.3日龄），采用3×2析因设计，3种日粮处理分别为：1）对照组，2）对照组+55 ppm CB，3）对照组+38.6 ppm替米考星+441 ppm金霉素，第0至7天，然后在第7至35天添加110 ppm金霉素（TC），添加或不添加日粮酸化剂（同试验1）。两项试验中，仔猪均按遗传背景、性别和初始体重[试验1为5.5 kg，试验2为5.6 kg]进行分配。试验1每栏饲养6或7头仔猪，试验2每栏饲养7头仔猪。日粮分三个阶段饲喂：第0至7天、第7至21天和第21至35天（试验1为34天）。在第6、20和33天，从每栏中选取3头仔猪采集粪便样本，测定pH值和大肠杆菌数量。在试验1的第三阶段及整个试验期，饲喂CB的仔猪平均日增重（ADG）显著高于（P<0.001）饲喂NC和DA的仔猪（全期ADG分别为389、348和348 g/d），平均日采食量（ADFI）也显著高于（P<0.007）饲喂NC和DA的仔猪（分别为608、559和554 g/d），34日龄体重（P<0.001）也显著高于（分别为18.8、17.3和17.3 kg）。在所有日粮中，饮水酸化均可提高（P<0.01）第三阶段的ADG。在试验2中，饲喂CB和TC的仔猪ADG显著高于（P<0.004；分别为315和303 g/d，而饲喂NC的仔猪为270 g/d）、ADFI显著高于（P<0.01）饲喂NC的仔猪，35日龄体重也显著高于（P<0.002；分别为16.7和16.2 kg，而饲喂NC的仔猪为15.1 kg）。在NC或TC日粮中添加DA有提高ADG的趋势（P<0.08），但在CB日粮中添加DA则降低ADG。
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