Zhu Wei, Wang Zhi-ming, Wang Mian-zhen, Lan Ya-jia, Wu Si-ying
Department of Occupational Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2006 Jul;37(4):632-5.
To investigate the degree of job burnout and contributing factors for nurses.
A total of 495 nurses from three provincial hospitals were randomly selected. The MBI-GS, EPQ-RSC and OSI-R were administered to measure job burnout, personality traits and occupational stress, respectively.
The medical and surgical nurses had significant greater scores of job burnout than others (P < 0.05). The poorer educational background was correlated with lower professional efficacy. The younger nurses had stronger feeling of job burnout. The scores of job burnout changed with different personality traits. The main contributing variables to exhaustion were overload, sense of responsibility, role insufficient and self-care (P < 0.05). The main contributing variables to cynicism were role insufficiency, role boundary, sense of responsibility and self-care (P < 0.05). The main contributing variables to professional inefficacy were role insufficiency, social support and rational/cognitive coping (P < 0.05).
Job burnout for nurses can be prevented by reducing or keeping moderate professional duties and responsibility, making clearer job descriptions, promoting leisure activities, and enhancing self-care capabilities.
调查护士职业倦怠程度及其影响因素。
随机抽取来自三家省级医院的495名护士。分别采用MBI-GS、EPQ-RSC和OSI-R量表测量职业倦怠、人格特质和职业压力。
内科和外科护士的职业倦怠得分显著高于其他科室护士（P<0.05）。学历背景较差与职业效能较低相关。年轻护士的职业倦怠感更强。职业倦怠得分随人格特质不同而变化。导致情感衰竭的主要影响因素是工作负荷过重、责任感、角色不足和自我护理（P<0.05）。导致玩世不恭的主要影响因素是角色不足、角色界限、责任感和自我护理（P<0.05）。导致职业效能低下的主要影响因素是角色不足、社会支持和理性/认知应对（P<0.05）。
可通过减少或保持适度的工作职责和责任、明确工作描述、促进休闲活动以及增强自我护理能力来预防护士的职业倦怠。
