Wu Siying, Zhu Wei, Wang Zhiming, Wang Mianzhen, Lan Yajia
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Major Subject of Environment and Health of Fujian Key Universities, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.
J Adv Nurs. 2007 Aug;59(3):233-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04301.x. Epub 2007 Jun 21.
This article is a report of a study of occupational burnout among nurses in China.
Burnout is described as feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. It is well-known that burnout is a major problem for many professions. Nurses are considered to be particularly susceptible to this. Measuring burnout among nurses is important because their well-being has implications for stability in the healthcare workforce and for the quality of care provided.
The sample consisted of 495 nurses from three provincial hospitals in China. The Maslach Burnout Inventory -- General Survey (MBI-GS) was used to measure burnout, and the Occupational Stress Inventory -- Revised edition was used to measure two dimensions of occupational adjustment (occupational stress and coping resources). After statistical testing for validity and reliability of the MBI-GS with nurses in China, participants' scores were evaluated and analysed.
Scores for burnout of surgical and medical nurses were statistically significantly higher than those of other nurses (P < 0.05). Lower educational status was associated with lower professional efficacy, and younger nurses reported higher levels of burnout. The most significant predictors of emotional exhaustion were role overload, responsibility, role insufficiency and self-care (P < 0.05). The most significant predictors of cynicism were role insufficiency, role boundary, responsibility and self-care (P < 0.05). The most significant predictors of professional efficacy were role insufficiency, social support and rational/cognitive coping (P < 0.05).
It is important to reduce occupational stress in nurses and to strengthen their coping resources to prevent burnout. This could be achieved with job redesign, modification of shiftwork systems, and by offering occupational health education.
本文是一项关于中国护士职业倦怠的研究报告。
职业倦怠被描述为情感耗竭、去人格化和个人成就感降低的感受。众所周知，职业倦怠是许多职业面临的主要问题。护士被认为特别容易受到影响。测量护士的职业倦怠很重要，因为他们的幸福感对医疗保健劳动力的稳定性以及所提供护理的质量都有影响。
样本包括来自中国三家省级医院的495名护士。使用马氏职业倦怠量表通用版（MBI - GS）来测量职业倦怠，使用职业压力量表修订版来测量职业适应的两个维度（职业压力和应对资源）。在对MBI - GS在中国护士中的有效性和可靠性进行统计测试后，对参与者的得分进行评估和分析。
外科和内科护士的职业倦怠得分在统计学上显著高于其他护士（P < 0.05）。教育程度较低与职业效能较低相关，年轻护士报告的职业倦怠水平较高。情感耗竭的最显著预测因素是角色过载、责任、角色不足和自我护理（P < 0.05）。玩世不恭的最显著预测因素是角色不足、角色边界、责任和自我护理（P < 0.05）。职业效能的最显著预测因素是角色不足、社会支持和理性/认知应对（P < 0.05）。
减轻护士的职业压力并加强他们的应对资源以预防职业倦怠很重要。这可以通过重新设计工作、修改轮班制度以及提供职业健康教育来实现。
