Brockow K, Ring J
Klinik und Poliklinik fur Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein, Technische Universität München.
MMW Fortschr Med. 2006 Jul 20;148(29-30):28-31.
Cases of life-threatening and fatal anaphylaxis represent the most extreme forms of acute allergic reactions. They are estimated to have an incidence of 1-3 per 10,000 persons, with an associated death rate of 0.5-2%. Medicinal drugs, insect stings and foods are the most common triggering agents. In particular in the case of drugs, the median time lapse between contact with the triggering agent and death is a very short 5-10 minutes. Fatal anaphylaxis due to foods usually leads first to dyspnea and then to respiratory failure. Allergic bronchial asthma represents a major risk factor. Knowledge of the allergens capable of triggering life-threatening and fatal anaphylaxis makes it easier for the physician to assess the risk potential when confronted by an emergency situation.
危及生命和致命性过敏反应病例是急性过敏反应的最极端形式。据估计，其发病率为每10000人中有1 - 3例，相关死亡率为0.5% - 2%。药物、昆虫叮咬和食物是最常见的触发因素。特别是在药物方面，接触触发因素至死亡的中位时间间隔非常短，仅为5 - 10分钟。食物引起的致命性过敏反应通常首先导致呼吸困难，然后发展为呼吸衰竭。过敏性支气管哮喘是一个主要危险因素。了解能够引发危及生命和致命性过敏反应的过敏原，有助于医生在面对紧急情况时更容易评估潜在风险。
