Buzza Marguerite S, Bird Phillip I
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia.
Biol Chem. 2006 Jul;387(7):827-37. doi: 10.1515/BC.2006.106.
Granzyme A (GrA) and granzyme B (GrB) play key roles in the induction of target cell death induced by cytotoxic lymphocytes. Whilst these roles have been extensively studied, it is becoming apparent that both granzymes also possess extracellular activities. Soluble granzymes are found extracellularly in normal plasma and are elevated in a number of diseases, ranging from viral and bacterial infections to autoimmune diseases. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of extracellular granzyme substrates, inhibitors and functions; and the pathological consequences of extracellular granzymes in disease. In addition, we provide new evidence for the role of glycosaminoglycan-binding sites of granzymes in extracellular matrix remodeling.
颗粒酶A（GrA）和颗粒酶B（GrB）在细胞毒性淋巴细胞诱导的靶细胞死亡中起关键作用。虽然这些作用已得到广泛研究，但越来越明显的是，这两种颗粒酶也具有细胞外活性。可溶性颗粒酶在正常血浆中存在于细胞外，并且在多种疾病中升高，范围从病毒和细菌感染到自身免疫性疾病。在这里，我们讨论了细胞外颗粒酶底物、抑制剂和功能的当前知识；以及细胞外颗粒酶在疾病中的病理后果。此外，我们提供了颗粒酶的糖胺聚糖结合位点在细胞外基质重塑中的作用的新证据。
