Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 Feb 16;14:1137918. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1137918. eCollection 2023.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation that affects synovial tissues of multiple joints. Granzymes (Gzms) are serine proteases that are released into the immune synapse between cytotoxic lymphocytes and target cells. They enter target cells with the help of perforin to induce programmed cell death in inflammatory and tumor cells. Gzms may have a connection with RA. First, increased levels of Gzms have been found in the serum (GzmB), plasma (GzmA, GzmB), synovial fluid (GzmB, GzmM), and synovial tissue (GzmK) of patients with RA. Moreover, Gzms may contribute to inflammation by degrading the extracellular matrix and promoting cytokine release. They are thought to be involved in RA pathogenesis and have the potential to be used as biomarkers for RA diagnosis, although their exact role is yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding the possible role of the granzyme family in RA, with the aim of providing a reference for future research on the mechanisms of RA and the development of new therapies.
类风湿关节炎（RA）是一种复杂的自身免疫性疾病，其特征为慢性炎症，影响多个关节的滑膜组织。颗粒酶（Gzms）是丝氨酸蛋白酶，在细胞毒性淋巴细胞和靶细胞之间的免疫突触中释放。它们在穿孔素的帮助下进入靶细胞，诱导炎症和肿瘤细胞的程序性细胞死亡。Gzms 可能与 RA 有关。首先，在 RA 患者的血清（GzmB）、血浆（GzmA、GzmB）、滑液（GzmB、GzmM）和滑膜组织（GzmK）中发现 Gzms 水平升高。此外，Gzms 通过降解细胞外基质和促进细胞因子释放，可能有助于炎症。它们被认为参与 RA 的发病机制，并有可能作为 RA 诊断的生物标志物，尽管它们的确切作用尚未完全阐明。本综述的目的是总结颗粒酶家族在 RA 中可能发挥的作用的现有知识，以期为未来 RA 发病机制和新疗法的研究提供参考。
