Kálmán G, Recseg K, Gáspár M, Réczey K
Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Agricultural Chemical Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2006 Spring;129-132:738-50.
The corn wet milling process produces a 10% (w/w of the processed corn) byproduct called corn fiber, which is utilized worldwide as a low-value feedstock for cattle. The aim of this study was to find a higher value use of corn fiber. The main fractions of corn fiber are: 20% starch, 40% hemicellulose, 14% cellulose, and 14% protein. Extraction of the highly valuable, cholesterol-lowering corn fiber oil is not feasible owing to its low (2% w/w) concentration in the fiber. The developed technology is based on simple and inexpensive procedures, like washing with hot water, dilute acid hydrolysis at 120 degrees C, enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, screening, drying, and extraction. The main fractions are sharply separated in the order of starch, hemicellulose, cellulose, lipoprotein, and lignin). The lipoprotein fraction adds up to 10% of the original dry corn fiber, and contains 45% corn fiber oil, thus yielding more oil than direct extraction of the fiber. It is concluded that the defined method makes the extraction of the corn fiber oil economically feasible. The fractionation process also significantly increases the yield of cholesterol-lowering substances (sterols and sterolesters). At the same time clear and utilizable fractions of monosaccharides, protein, and lignin are produced.
玉米湿法加工过程会产生一种名为玉米纤维的副产品，其产量为加工玉米重量的10%，在全球范围内用作牛的低价值饲料原料。本研究的目的是找到玉米纤维更具价值的用途。玉米纤维的主要成分是：20%淀粉、40%半纤维素、14%纤维素和14%蛋白质。由于其在纤维中的浓度较低（2% w/w），提取高价值的降胆固醇玉米纤维油并不可行。所开发的技术基于简单且成本低廉的程序，如热水洗涤、120℃稀酸水解、纤维素酶解、筛选、干燥和提取。主要成分按淀粉、半纤维素、纤维素、脂蛋白和木质素的顺序被清晰分离。脂蛋白部分占原始干玉米纤维的10%，并含有45%的玉米纤维油，因此比直接从纤维中提取得到的油更多。得出的结论是，所确定的方法使玉米纤维油的提取在经济上可行。分馏过程还显著提高了降胆固醇物质（甾醇和甾醇酯）的产量。同时产生了纯净且可利用的单糖、蛋白质和木质素部分。
