Zaloshnja Eduard, Miller Ted R, Waehrer Geetha
Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland 20705, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2006 Sep;49(9):719-27. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20353.
Preventing occupational injuries reduces labor and fringe benefit costs to employers. The related savings filter through the economy, impacting its performance. This study is a first attempt to measure the impact of occupational injury reduction on national economic output, gross domestic product, national income, and employment by using an input-output model of the U.S. economy.
Occupational injury costs by industry for 1993 were used as a baseline for an input-output model, and the impact of the 38% injury rate reduction between 1993 and 2002 was measured. All computations are in year 2000 dollars.
Declining occupational injury between 1993 and 2002 increased employment by an estimated 550,000 jobs. The increase in gross domestic product (GDP) was 25.5 billion US dollars or 9% of the average annual GDP increase from 1993 to 2002.
These estimates represent the benefits of injury rate reduction but ignore associated prevention costs.
预防职业伤害可降低雇主的劳动力和附加福利成本。相关的成本节约会渗透到整个经济体系中，影响其运行表现。本研究首次尝试通过使用美国经济的投入产出模型来衡量减少职业伤害对国民经济产出、国内生产总值、国民收入和就业的影响。
将1993年各行业的职业伤害成本用作投入产出模型的基线，并衡量了1993年至2002年间伤害率降低38%的影响。所有计算均以2000年美元为单位。
1993年至2002年间职业伤害的减少估计增加了55万个就业岗位。国内生产总值（GDP）增加了255亿美元，占1993年至2002年平均年GDP增长的9%。
这些估计值代表了伤害率降低带来的益处，但忽略了相关的预防成本。
